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Influence of Loads and Loading Position on the Muscle Activity of the Trunk and Lower Extremity during Squat Exercise

Author

Listed:
  • Ju-Hyung Park

    (Department of Health Science, Gachon University Graduate School, Incheon 21936, Korea
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Seung-Jea Lee

    (Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Korea
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Ho-Jin Shin

    (Department of Health Science, Gachon University Graduate School, Incheon 21936, Korea)

  • Hwi-Young Cho

    (Department of Health Science, Gachon University Graduate School, Incheon 21936, Korea
    Department of Physical Therapy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea)

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the load and bar position on trunk and lower extremity muscle activity during squat exercise. High bar back squats (HBBS) and low bar back squats (LBBS) were performed in random order at 50%, 60%, and 70% loads of one repetition maximum by 28 experienced healthy adult men who had been performing squats for at least one year. Before the experiment, the maximal voluntary contraction of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis, external oblique, and erector spinae muscles was measured by means of surface electromyography. In addition, eccentric and concentric exercises were performed for 3 s each to measure the muscle activity. There was a significant difference in muscle activity according to the load for all muscles in the eccentric and concentric phases ( p < 0.05), indicating that muscle activity increased as the load increased. In addition, in the comparison between HBBS and LBBS, significant differences were shown in all lower extremity muscles and all trunk muscles except for the external oblique in the concentric phase according to the bar position ( p < 0.05). HBBS showed a higher muscle activity of the lower extremity in the eccentric and concentric phases than in LBBS, while LBBS showed a higher muscle activity of the trunk muscle in the eccentric and concentric phases than in HBBS ( p < 0.05). HBBS requires more force in the lower extremity than LBBS and is particularly advantageous in strengthening the muscular strength of the quadriceps. In contrast, LBBS requires more muscle activity in the trunk than HBBS and is more effective in carrying heavier loads because of the advantage of body stability. This study suggests that rehabilitation experts apply the bar position and load as important variables affecting the intensity and method of training for target muscle strengthening of the lower extremities and trunk.

Suggested Citation

  • Ju-Hyung Park & Seung-Jea Lee & Ho-Jin Shin & Hwi-Young Cho, 2022. "Influence of Loads and Loading Position on the Muscle Activity of the Trunk and Lower Extremity during Squat Exercise," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-10, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:20:p:13480-:d:945924
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pyeongon Kim & Haneul Lee & Wonho Choi & Sangmi Jung, 2020. "Effect of 4 Weeks of Anti-Gravity Treadmill Training on Isokinetic Muscle Strength and Muscle Activity in Adults Patients with a Femoral Fracture: A Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-9, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chansol Park & Hwi-Young Cho & Chang-Ki Kang, 2022. "Investigation of Structural Changes in Rectus Abdominis Muscle According to Curl-Up Angle Using Ultrasound with an Extended Field of View," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-13, November.

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