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The Effect of Chronotype on Oppositional Behaviour and Psychomotor Agitation of School-Age Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

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  • Sandra Figueiredo

    (Department of Psychology of Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa, Coordinator Researcher in Psychology Research Centre (CIP) and of Foundation for Science and Technology, 1169-023 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Rayane Vieira

    (Department of Psychology, Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa, 1169-023 Lisbon, Portugal)

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between chronotype, classroom behaviour and school performance in 140 healthy school-age children attending various levels of education during the 1st cycle during 2021 in Portugal. In this cross-sectional and quantitative study, the Chronotype Questionnaire for Children (to assess the chronotype) and the Conners Scale—a reduced version was presented to the teachers (to assess behaviours such as excessive movement, inattention and oppositional behaviours)—were used. The methodology of this study followed a comparative method since the independent variables were not controlled, and therefore, it was still possible to compare the differences between the morning and evening groups. Statistical methods were used such as multivariate analyses, inter-item correlations and reliability tests, and descriptive tests were used for the percentile analysis. The sample was divided into three groups based on the identification of the chronotype—morning, intermediate and evening types—to further study the relationship between these chronotypes, their academic performance and classroom behaviour were studied. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed that there was a higher rate of oppositional behaviour in the morning type and no differences in the school performance during the two semesters (covering all of the school periods) regarding the chronotype effect, even with the analysis of regression parameters and covariates. On the other hand, the morning-type children showed a greater amount of motor agitation and impulsivity after controlling for the gender covariate. Age had an effect on the chronotype, after controlling for the covariate parental education. This study highlights the need for further research on the chronotype of the morning children in order to regulate their behaviour. The data that were obtained raise questions that have not been yet considered in the literature in the area of education and infant development.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandra Figueiredo & Rayane Vieira, 2022. "The Effect of Chronotype on Oppositional Behaviour and Psychomotor Agitation of School-Age Children: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:20:p:13233-:d:942125
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Andrea P. Goldin & Mariano Sigman & Gisela Braier & Diego A. Golombek & María J. Leone, 2020. "Interplay of chronotype and school timing predicts school performance," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 4(4), pages 387-396, April.
    2. Fatin Hanani Mazri & Zahara Abdul Manaf & Suzana Shahar & Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin, 2019. "The Association between Chronotype and Dietary Pattern among Adults: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-33, December.
    3. Andrea P. Goldin & Mariano Sigman & Gisela Braier & Diego A. Golombek, 2020. "Interplay of chronotype and school timing predicts school performance," Department of Economics Working Papers wp_gob_2020_05, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella.
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