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Characterizing Subjects Exposed to Humidifier Disinfectants Using Computed-Tomography-Based Latent Traits: A Deep Learning Approach

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Listed:
  • Frank Li

    (Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
    IIHR—Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA)

  • Jiwoong Choi

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
    Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66045, USA)

  • Xuan Zhang

    (IIHR—Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA)

  • Prathish K. Rajaraman

    (IIHR—Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA)

  • Chang-Hyun Lee

    (Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
    Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 100-011, Korea)

  • Hongseok Ko

    (Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon 200-010, Korea)

  • Kum-Ju Chae

    (Department of Radiology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 560-011, Korea)

  • Eun-Kee Park

    (Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan 600-011, Korea)

  • Alejandro P. Comellas

    (Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA)

  • Eric A. Hoffman

    (Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
    Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
    Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA)

  • Ching-Long Lin

    (Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
    IIHR—Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
    Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA)

Abstract

Around nine million people have been exposed to toxic humidifier disinfectants (HDs) in Korea. HD exposure may lead to HD-associated lung injuries (HDLI). However, many people who have claimed that they experienced HD exposure were not diagnosed with HDLI but still felt discomfort, possibly due to the unknown effects of HD. Therefore, this study examined HD-exposed subjects with normal-appearing lungs, as well as unexposed subjects, in clusters (subgroups) with distinct characteristics, classified by deep-learning-derived computed-tomography (CT)-based tissue pattern latent traits. Among the major clusters, cluster 0 (C0) and cluster 5 (C5) were dominated by HD-exposed and unexposed subjects, respectively. C0 was characterized by features attributable to lung inflammation or fibrosis in contrast with C5. The computational fluid and particle dynamics (CFPD) analysis suggested that the smaller airway sizes observed in the C0 subjects led to greater airway resistance and particle deposition in the airways. Accordingly, women appeared more vulnerable to HD-associated lung abnormalities than men.

Suggested Citation

  • Frank Li & Jiwoong Choi & Xuan Zhang & Prathish K. Rajaraman & Chang-Hyun Lee & Hongseok Ko & Kum-Ju Chae & Eun-Kee Park & Alejandro P. Comellas & Eric A. Hoffman & Ching-Long Lin, 2022. "Characterizing Subjects Exposed to Humidifier Disinfectants Using Computed-Tomography-Based Latent Traits: A Deep Learning Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-19, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:11894-:d:920191
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jeonggyo Yoon & Minsun Kang & Jaehun Jung & Min Jae Ju & Sung Hwan Jeong & Wonho Yang & Yoon-Hyeong Choi, 2021. "Humidifier Disinfectant Consumption and Humidifier Disinfectant-Associated Lung Injury in South Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-15, June.
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