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Reliability and Usability Analysis of an Embedded System Capable of Evaluating Balance in Elderly Populations Based on a Modified Wii Balance Board

Author

Listed:
  • Ángel Gabriel Estévez-Pedraza

    (Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo 50180, Mexico
    Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo 50100, Mexico
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Enrique Hernandez-Laredo

    (Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo 50180, Mexico
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • María Elena Millan-Guadarrama

    (Faculty of Nursing and Obstetrics, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo 50180, Mexico)

  • Rigoberto Martínez-Méndez

    (Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca de Lerdo 50100, Mexico)

  • María Fernanda Carrillo-Vega

    (Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City 10200, Mexico)

  • Lorena Parra-Rodríguez

    (Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City 10200, Mexico)

Abstract

This paper analyzes the reliability and usability of a portable electronic instrument that measures balance and balance impairment in older adults. The center of pressure (CoP) metrics are measured with a modified Wii Balance Board (mWBB) platform. In the intra- and inter-rater testing, 16 and 43 volunteers (mean 75.66 and standard deviation (SD) of 7.86 years and 72.61 (SD 7.86) years, respectively) collaborated. Five volunteer raters (5.1 (SD 3.69) years of experience) answered the System Usability Scale (SUS). The most reliable CoP index in the intra-examiner tests was the 95% power frequency in the medial-lateral displacement of the CoP with closed-eyes. It had excellent reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient ICC = 0.948 (C.I. 0.862–0.982) and a Pearson’s correlation coefficient PCC = 0.966 ( p < 0.001). The best index for the inter-rater reliability was the centroidal frequency in the anterior-posterior direction closed-eyes, which had an ICC (2,1) = 0.825. The mWBB also obtained a high usability score. These results support the mWBB as a reliable complementary tool for measuring balance in older adults. Additionally, it does not have the limitations of laboratory-grade systems and clinical screening instruments.

Suggested Citation

  • Ángel Gabriel Estévez-Pedraza & Enrique Hernandez-Laredo & María Elena Millan-Guadarrama & Rigoberto Martínez-Méndez & María Fernanda Carrillo-Vega & Lorena Parra-Rodríguez, 2022. "Reliability and Usability Analysis of an Embedded System Capable of Evaluating Balance in Elderly Populations Based on a Modified Wii Balance Board," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-21, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:17:p:11026-:d:905852
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Julien Audiffren & Ioannis Bargiotas & Nicolas Vayatis & Pierre-Paul Vidal & Damien Ricard, 2016. "A Non Linear Scoring Approach for Evaluating Balance: Classification of Elderly as Fallers and Non-Fallers," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(12), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Baoliang Chen & Peng Liu & Feiyun Xiao & Zhengshi Liu & Yong Wang, 2021. "Review of the Upright Balance Assessment Based on the Force Plate," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-14, March.
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