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Effect of Short- to Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter on Cognitive Function in a Cohort of Middle-Aged and Older Adults: KoGES

Author

Listed:
  • Jane J. Lee

    (Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 200 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28160, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea)

  • Ji Hyun Kim

    (Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 200 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28160, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea)

  • Dae Sub Song

    (Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 200 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28160, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea)

  • Kyoungho Lee

    (Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 200 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28160, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea)

Abstract

Exposure to ambient air pollution and its threat to human health is a global concern, especially in the elderly population. Therefore, more in-depth studies are required to understand the extent of the harmful effects of particulate matter (PM) based on duration and levels of exposure. An investigation was conducted to determine the association between short- (1–14 days), medium- (1, 3, and 6 months), and long-term (1, 2, and 3 years) exposure to air pollutants (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) and cognitive function among Koreans (4175 participants, mean age 67.8 years, 55.2% women) aged over 50 years. Higher levels of PM 2.5 exposure for short to long term and PM 10 exposure for medium to long term were found to be associated with decreased cognitive function, as indicated by lower scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination adopted in Korean (K-MMSE). There were significant effect modifications by sex, age group, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and smoking status in the association between long-term PM 2.5 and PM 10 exposure and cognitive function. These findings, which underscore the importance of the efforts to reduce the exposure levels and durations of air pollutants, especially in the vulnerable elderly population, provide evidence for establishing more stringent policies for air pollution regulations.

Suggested Citation

  • Jane J. Lee & Ji Hyun Kim & Dae Sub Song & Kyoungho Lee, 2022. "Effect of Short- to Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter on Cognitive Function in a Cohort of Middle-Aged and Older Adults: KoGES," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-20, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:16:p:9913-:d:886020
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Meng-Chieh Chen & Chen-Feng Wang & Bo-Cheng Lai & Sun-Wung Hsieh & Szu-Chia Chen & Chih-Hsing Hung & Chao-Hung Kuo, 2021. "Air Pollution Is Associated with Poor Cognitive Function in Taiwanese Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-12, January.
    2. Sun-Wung Hsieh & Da-Wei Wu & Chih-Wen Wang & Szu-Chia Chen & Chih-Hsing Hung & Chao-Hung Kuo, 2021. "Poor Cognitive Function Is Associated with Obstructive Lung Diseases in Taiwanese Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-9, February.
    3. Ling Zhang & Changjin Ou & Dhammika Magana-Arachchi & Meththika Vithanage & Kanth Swaroop Vanka & Thava Palanisami & Kanaji Masakorala & Hasintha Wijesekara & Yubo Yan & Nanthi Bolan & M. B. Kirkham, 2021. "Indoor Particulate Matter in Urban Households: Sources, Pathways, Characteristics, Health Effects, and Exposure Mitigation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-33, October.
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