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Influence of Menstrual Cycle on Leukocyte Response Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage

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  • Akiko Funaki

    (Department of Judo Therapy, Teikyo University of Science, Yamanashi 409-0193, Japan
    Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan)

  • Hyunjun Gam

    (Graduate School, Yong In University, Yongin 17092, Korea)

  • Tomoka Matsuda

    (Department of Sport Science and Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo 118-0056, Japan)

  • Akira Ishikawa

    (Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan)

  • Mizuki Yamada

    (Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan
    Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan)

  • Nodoka Ikegami

    (Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan)

  • Yuriko Nishikawa

    (Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan)

  • Mikako Sakamaki-Sunaga

    (Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo 158-8508, Japan)

Abstract

We investigated the influence of the menstrual cycle (MC) on leukocyte response after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). During the early follicular (E-FP, n = 12) or mid-luteal phase (M-LP, n = 12), 24 untrained females with eumenorrhea performed 60 eccentric exercises using nondominant arms. Blood samples were collected at pre- and 4, 48, and 96 h postexercise to analyze estradiol and progesterone concentrations, leukocyte count and fractionation, and creatine kinase (CK) activity. We also assessed the maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque of elbow flexion, range of motion in the elbow joint, upper-arm circumference, and muscle soreness as indirect muscle damage markers at pre-; immediately post-; and 4, 48, and 96 h postexercise. The percent change in neutrophil counts from pre- to 4 h postexercise was lower in M-LP than in E-FP (E-FP, 30.7% [15.9–65.7%] vs. M-LP, 10.3% [−2.3–30.0%]; median [interquartile range: 25–75%]; p = 0.068). Progesterone concentration at pre-exercise was significantly negatively correlated with the percent change in neutrophil counts from pre- to 4 h postexercise in M-LP (r = −0.650, p = 0.022). MC did not affect CK activity or other muscle damage markers. Thus, progesterone concentration rather than MC may be related to neutrophil response following EIMD.

Suggested Citation

  • Akiko Funaki & Hyunjun Gam & Tomoka Matsuda & Akira Ishikawa & Mizuki Yamada & Nodoka Ikegami & Yuriko Nishikawa & Mikako Sakamaki-Sunaga, 2022. "Influence of Menstrual Cycle on Leukocyte Response Following Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-11, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:15:p:9201-:d:873444
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tommaso Simoncini & Ali Hafezi-Moghadam & Derek P. Brazil & Klaus Ley & William W. Chin & James K. Liao, 2000. "Interaction of oestrogen receptor with the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase," Nature, Nature, vol. 407(6803), pages 538-541, September.
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