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Spatial Variations and Determinants of Anemia among Under-five Children in Nepal, DHS (2006–2016)

Author

Listed:
  • Shristi Sharma

    (Health Science Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China)

  • Bipin Kumar Acharya

    (Institute of Fundamental Research and Studies, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
    Nepal Geographical Society, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
    Center for Geospatial Research and Development, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal)

  • Qian Wu

    (Health Science Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China)

Abstract

Anemia among under-five children is the major health problem in Nepal. The lack of nutritional supplementation and lack of healthcare facilities are influential factors of anemia. Thus, the main objective of this study is to explore spatial variations and determinants of anemia among under-five children in Nepal. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data from 2006 to 2016 were used in this study, which includes: household and individual-level data of 8555 under-five children, whose anemia was measured. In addition, a total of 260 (2006), 281 (2011), and 383 DHS clusters (2016) were taken in consideration for spatial analysis. The overall prevalence of anemia was 48.9%, 46.4%, and 52.2% in 2006, 2011, and 2016 respectively. The spatial analysis revealed a nonrandom spatial distribution, where statistically significant hotspots and coldspots were detected in different parts of the country. The results also identified mother’s age, mother’s educational level, socioeconomic status of household, number of under-5 children, household size, birth weight, underweight, stunting, diarrhea, and fever as associated factors of anemia among under-5 children. These findings may provide assistance to concerned health officials in adopting anemia-related programs and policies to address the anemia problems that plague Nepalese children under the age of five.

Suggested Citation

  • Shristi Sharma & Bipin Kumar Acharya & Qian Wu, 2022. "Spatial Variations and Determinants of Anemia among Under-five Children in Nepal, DHS (2006–2016)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-13, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8664-:d:864242
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Faustin Habyarimana & Temesgen Zewotir & Shaun Ramroop, 2017. "Structured Additive Quantile Regression for Assessing the Determinants of Childhood Anemia in Rwanda," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-15, June.
    2. Devendra Raj Singh & Dev Ram Sunuwar & Sunil Kumar Shah & Lalita Kumari Sah & Kshitij Karki & Rajeeb Kumar Sah, 2021. "Food insecurity during COVID-19 pandemic: A genuine concern for people from disadvantaged community and low-income families in Province 2 of Nepal," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(7), pages 1-20, July.
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