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Recent Insights into Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 )-Mediated Toxicity in Humans: An Overview

Author

Listed:
  • Prakash Thangavel

    (Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea)

  • Duckshin Park

    (Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Korea)

  • Young-Chul Lee

    (Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
    Well Scientific Laboratory Ltd., 305, 3F, Mega-Center, SKnTechnopark, 124 Sagimakgol-ro, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13207, Gyeonggi-do, Korea)

Abstract

Several epidemiologic and toxicological studies have commonly viewed ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), defined as particles having an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm, as a significant potential danger to human health. PM 2.5 is mostly absorbed through the respiratory system, where it can infiltrate the lung alveoli and reach the bloodstream. In the respiratory system, reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) and oxidative stress stimulate the generation of mediators of pulmonary inflammation and begin or promote numerous illnesses. According to the most recent data, fine particulate matter, or PM 2.5 , is responsible for nearly 4 million deaths globally from cardiopulmonary illnesses such as heart disease, respiratory infections, chronic lung disease, cancers, preterm births, and other illnesses. There has been increased worry in recent years about the negative impacts of this worldwide danger. The causal associations between PM 2.5 and human health, the toxic effects and potential mechanisms of PM 2.5 , and molecular pathways have been described in this review.

Suggested Citation

  • Prakash Thangavel & Duckshin Park & Young-Chul Lee, 2022. "Recent Insights into Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 )-Mediated Toxicity in Humans: An Overview," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-22, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:12:p:7511-:d:842643
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Eline B Provost & Narjes Madhloum & Luc Int Panis & Patrick De Boever & Tim S Nawrot, 2015. "Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, a Marker of Subclinical Atherosclerosis, and Particulate Air Pollution Exposure: the Meta-Analytical Evidence," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-12, May.
    2. Barbora Švédová & Helena Raclavská & Marek Kucbel & Jana Růžičková & Konstantin Raclavský & Miroslav Koliba & Dagmar Juchelková, 2020. "Concentration Variability of Water-Soluble Ions during the Acceptable and Exceeded Pollution in an Industrial Region," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-26, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Martina Cattaneo & Carlota Tayà & Laura Burgos & Lluis Morey & Joan Noguerol & Giorgio Provolo & Míriam Cerrillo & August Bonmatí, 2023. "Assessing Ammonia and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Livestock Manure Storage: Comparison of Measurements with Dynamic and Static Chambers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Yaxuan Xie & Kejian Shi & Yuncong Yuan & Meijia Gu & Shihan Zhang & Kai Wang & Liangying Fu & Chao Shen & Zhanpeng Yuan, 2023. "Bibliometric Analysis Reveals the Progress of PM 2.5 in Health Research, Especially in Cancer Research," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-12, January.
    3. Mushtaq Ahmad & Jing Chen & Qing Yu & Muhammad Tariq Khan & Syed Weqas Ali & Asim Nawab & Worradorn Phairuang & Sirima Panyametheekul, 2023. "Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFRs) of PM 2.5 in Lahore, Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, January.

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