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Relationship between Dietary Behaviors and Physical Activity and the Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Case-Control Study

Author

Listed:
  • Małgorzata Godala

    (Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland)

  • Michalina Krzyżak

    (Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland)

  • Dominik Maślach

    (Department of Public Health, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland)

  • Ewelina Gaszyńska

    (Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland)

Abstract

Poor diet and low physical activity play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between nutrient intake, groups of food products and physical exercise undertaken and the components of metabolic syndrome (MS). The study included 330 patients with MS, and the control group comprised of 270 subjects without MS. The food intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recall, and a 13-item Food Frequency Questionnaire. To assess nutrition knowledge, a Beliefs and Eating Habits Questionnaire was used. The level of physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Three patterns of behavior were identified: Prudent-Active, Western-Sedentary, and NotPrudent-notWestern-lowActive. In the Prudent-Active group, as compared to the NotPrudent-notWestern-lowActive subjects, the risk of central obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol and hyperglycemia occurrence was lower. There was also a lower proportion of patients with MS. As compared to the NotPrudent-notWestern-lowActive subjects, in the Prudent-Active group there was more than a two times higher chance of subjects with a high level of nutrition knowledge. Western diets have been proven to exert a detrimental effect on the components of MS. When designing intervention programs, education of patients with MS on dietary habits and physical activity should be considered.

Suggested Citation

  • Małgorzata Godala & Michalina Krzyżak & Dominik Maślach & Ewelina Gaszyńska, 2022. "Relationship between Dietary Behaviors and Physical Activity and the Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Case-Control Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-11, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:11:p:6562-:d:826011
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jing Sun & Nicholas J. Buys & Andrew P. Hills, 2014. "Dietary Pattern and Its Association with the Prevalence of Obesity, Hypertension and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Chinese Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-16, April.
    2. Qiang Zhang & Xinguang Chen & Zhitao Liu & Deepthi S. Varma & Rong Wan & Qingqing Wan & Shiwen Zhao, 2016. "Dietary Patterns in Relation to General and Central Obesity among Adults in Southwest China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-11, November.
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