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Promising Low-Cost Adsorbent from Waste Green Tea Leaves for Phenol Removal in Aqueous Solution

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  • Asmat Ali

    (School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
    State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental Water Science in the Yangtze River Basin, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China)

  • Maria Siddique

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan)

  • Wei Chen

    (School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
    State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental Water Science in the Yangtze River Basin, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China)

  • Zhixin Han

    (Geological Exploration Institute of Shandong Zhengyuan, China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Tai’an 271000, China)

  • Romana Khan

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Bilal

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan)

  • Ummara Waheed

    (Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan 59300, Pakistan)

  • Irum Shahzadi

    (Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan)

Abstract

Phenol is the most common organic pollutant in many industrial wastewaters that may pose a health risk to humans due to its widespread application as industrial ingredients and additives. In this study, waste green tea leaves (WGTLs) were modified through chemical activation/carbonization and used as an adsorbent in the presence of ultrasound (cavitation) to eliminate phenol in the aqueous solution. Different treatments, such as cavitation, adsorption, and sono-adsorption were investigated to remove the phenol. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) morphology of the adsorbent revealed that the structure of WGTLs was porous before phenol was adsorbed. A Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis showed an open chain of carboxylic acids after the sono-adsorption process. The results revealed that the sono-adsorption process is more efficient with enhanced removal percentages than individual processes. A maximum phenol removal of 92% was obtained using the sono-adsorption process under an optimal set of operating parameters, such as pH 3.5, 25 mg L −1 phenol concentration, 800 mg L −1 adsorbent dosage, 60 min time interval, 30 ± 2 °C temperature, and 80 W cavitation power. Removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) reached 85% and 53%. The Freundlich isotherm model with a larger correlation coefficient (R 2 , 0.972) was better fitted for nonlinear regression than the Langmuir model, and the sono-adsorption process confirmed the pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics. The findings indicated that WGTLs in the presence of a cavitation effect prove to be a promising candidate for reducing phenol from the aqueous environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Asmat Ali & Maria Siddique & Wei Chen & Zhixin Han & Romana Khan & Muhammad Bilal & Ummara Waheed & Irum Shahzadi, 2022. "Promising Low-Cost Adsorbent from Waste Green Tea Leaves for Phenol Removal in Aqueous Solution," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-15, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:11:p:6396-:d:823160
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bingxin Xie & Jihong Qin & Shu Wang & Xin Li & Hui Sun & Wenqing Chen, 2020. "Adsorption of Phenol on Commercial Activated Carbons: Modelling and Interpretation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-13, January.
    2. Nuhu Dalhat Mu’azu & Nabeel Jarrah & Mukarram Zubair & Omar Alagha, 2017. "Removal of Phenolic Compounds from Water Using Sewage Sludge-Based Activated Carbon Adsorption: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-34, September.
    3. Wei Chen & Bo Peng & Huanfang Huang & Ye Kuang & Zhe Qian & Wenting Zhu & Wei Liu & Yuan Zhang & Yuan Liao & Xiufang Zhao & Hong Zhou & Shihua Qi, 2021. "Distribution and Potential Sources of OCPs and PAHs in Waters from the Danshui River Basin in Yichang, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-14, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Meihaguli Ainiwaer & Xibai Zeng & Xianqiang Yin & Jiong Wen & Shiming Su & Yanan Wang & Yang Zhang & Tuo Zhang & Nan Zhang, 2022. "Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Mechanisms of the Co-Removal of Arsenate and Arsenite by Sepiolite-Supported Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron in Aqueous Solution," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-13, September.

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