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Parental Risk Factors and Child Birth Data in a Matched Year and Sex Group Cleft Population: A Case-Control Study

Author

Listed:
  • Inês Francisco

    (Institute of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Francisco Caramelo

    (Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research of Coimbra (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal)

  • Maria Helena Fernandes

    (Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
    LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal)

  • Francisco Vale

    (Institute of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal)

Abstract

(1) Background: The etiology of orofacial cleft (OC) is not completely known but several genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified. Moreover, a knowledge gap still persists regarding neonatal characteristics. This study evaluated the effect of parental age and mothers’ body mass index on the risk of having an OC child, in a matched year and sex group (cleft/healthy control). Additionally, birth data were analyzed between groups. (2) Methods: 266 individuals born between 1995 to 2015 were evaluated: 133 OC individuals (85 males/48 females) and 133 control (85 males/48 females). A logistic model was used for the independent variables. ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparison between the OC phenotypes. (3) Results: Regarding statistically significant parental related factors, the probability of having a cleft child decreases for each maternal year increase (odds ratio = 0.903) and increases for each body mass index unit (kg/m 2 ) increase (odds ratio = 1.14). On the child data birth, for each mass unit (kg) increase, the probability of having a cleft child decrease (odds ratio = 0.435). (4) Conclusions: In this study, only maternal body mass index and maternal age found statistical differences in the risk of having a cleft child. In the children’s initial data, the cleft group found a higher risk of having a lower birth weight but no relation was found regarding length and head circumference.

Suggested Citation

  • Inês Francisco & Francisco Caramelo & Maria Helena Fernandes & Francisco Vale, 2021. "Parental Risk Factors and Child Birth Data in a Matched Year and Sex Group Cleft Population: A Case-Control Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-9, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:9:p:4615-:d:544073
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lin Zhang & Xing-Huan Wang & Xin-Min Zheng & Tong-Zu Liu & Wei-Bin Zhang & Hang Zheng & Mi-Feng Chen, 2015. "Maternal Gestational Smoking, Diabetes, Alcohol Drinking, Pre-Pregnancy Obesity and the Risk of Cryptorchidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(3), pages 1-17, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Inês Francisco & Francisco Caramelo & Maria Helena Fernandes & Francisco Vale, 2021. "A Comparative Study of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Cleft Lip and Palate Patients and Their Families during Orthodontic Treatment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-11, December.

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