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A Review of Recent Studies on Bisphenol A and Phthalate Exposures and Child Neurodevelopment

Author

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  • Machiko Minatoya

    (Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan)

  • Reiko Kishi

    (Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan)

Abstract

Purpose of Review: Bisphenol A and phthalate have been found in the environment, as well as in humans. In this narrative review pre- and postnatal bisphenol A and phthalate exposures, their relationship to neurodevelopment, and the behavioral outcomes of children are elucidated, focusing in particular on the recent case-control, cross-sectional, and longitudinal studies. This review also introduces some of the possible mechanisms behind the observed associations between exposures and outcomes. Recent Findings: Although bisphenol A and phthalate exposure have been reported to influence neurobehavioral development in children, there are various kinds of test batteries for child neurodevelopmental assessment at different ages whose findings have been inconsistent among studies. In addition, the timing and number of exposure assessments have varied. Summary: Overall, this review suggests that prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and phthalates may contribute to neurobehavioral outcomes in children. The evidence is still limited; however, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms, especially among boys, constantly suggested association with both prenatal and concurrent exposure to bisphenol A. Although there is limited evidence on the adverse effects of prenatal and postnatal bisphenol A and phthalate exposures provided, pregnant women and young children should be protected from exposure based on a precautionary approach.

Suggested Citation

  • Machiko Minatoya & Reiko Kishi, 2021. "A Review of Recent Studies on Bisphenol A and Phthalate Exposures and Child Neurodevelopment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-21, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3585-:d:526806
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Libni A. Torres-Olascoaga & Deborah Watkins & Lourdes Schnaas & John D. Meeker & Maritsa Solano-Gonzalez & Erika Osorio-Valencia & Karen E. Peterson & Martha María Tellez-Rojo & Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz, 2020. "Early Gestational Exposure to High-Molecular-Weight Phthalates and Its Association with 48-Month-Old Children’s Motor and Cognitive Scores," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-12, November.
    2. Mohammad H. Rahbar & Hanes M. Swingle & MacKinsey A. Christian & Manouchehr Hessabi & MinJae Lee & Meagan R. Pitcher & Sean Campbell & Amy Mitchell & Ryan Krone & Katherine A. Loveland & Donald G. Pat, 2017. "Environmental Exposure to Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, Bisphenol A, and Phthalates in Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder Living near the Gulf of Mexico," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-17, November.
    3. Machiko Minatoya & Sachiko Itoh & Atsuko Araki & Naomi Tamura & Keiko Yamazaki & Chihiro Miyashita & Reiko Kishi, 2018. "Association between Fetal Adipokines and Child Behavioral Problems at Preschool Age: The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children’s Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Agnieszka Jankowska & Linda Nazareth & Dorota Kaleta & Kinga Polanska, 2021. "Review of the Existing Evidence for Sex-Specific Relationships between Prenatal Phthalate Exposure and Children’s Neurodevelopment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-18, December.

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