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Mapping Risk of Malaria as a Function of Anthropic and Environmental Conditions in Sussundenga Village, Mozambique

Author

Listed:
  • João L. Ferrão

    (Instituto Superior de Ciências e Educação a Distância, Beira 2102, Mozambique)

  • Dominique Earland

    (School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA)

  • Anísio Novela

    (Direcção Distrital de Saúde de Sussundenga, Sussundenga 2207, Mozambique)

  • Roberto Mendes

    (Centro de Informação Geográfica-Faculdade de Economia da UCM, Beira 2102, Mozambique)

  • Marcos F. Ballat

    (Faculdade de Ciência de Saúde da UCM, Beira 2102, Mozambique)

  • Alberto Tungaza

    (Faculdade de Engenharia da UCM, Chimoio 2203, Mozambique)

  • Kelly M. Searle

    (School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA)

Abstract

Mozambique is a country in Southern Africa with around 30 million inhabitants. Malaria is the leading cause of mortality in the country. According to the WHO, Mozambique has the third highest number of malaria cases in the world, representing approximately 5% of the world total cases. Sussundenga District has the highest incidence in the Manica province and environmental conditions are the major contributor to malaria transmission. There is a lack of malaria risk maps to inform transmission dynamics in Sussundenga village. This study develops a malaria risk map for Sussundenga Village in Mozambique and identifies high risk areas to inform on appropriate malaria control and eradication efforts. One hundred houses were randomly sampled and tested for malaria in Sussundenga Rural Municipality. To construct the map, a spatial conceptual model was used to estimate risk areas using ten environmental and anthropic factors. Data from Worldclim, 30 × 30 Landsat images were used, and layers were produced in a raster data set. Layers between class values were compared by assigning numerical values to the classes within each layer of the map with equal rank. Data set input was classified, using diverse weights depending on their appropriateness. The reclassified data outputs were combined after reclassification. The map indicated a high risk for malaria in the northeast and southeast, that is, the neighborhoods of Nhamazara, Nhamarenza, and Unidade. The central eastern areas, that is, 25 de Junho, 1 and 2, 7 de Abril, and Chicueu presented a moderate risk. In Sussundenga village there was 92% moderate and 8% high risk. High malaria risk areas are most often located in densely populated areas and areas close to water bodies. The relevant findings of this study can inform on effective malaria interventions.

Suggested Citation

  • João L. Ferrão & Dominique Earland & Anísio Novela & Roberto Mendes & Marcos F. Ballat & Alberto Tungaza & Kelly M. Searle, 2021. "Mapping Risk of Malaria as a Function of Anthropic and Environmental Conditions in Sussundenga Village, Mozambique," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:5:p:2568-:d:510937
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Henry Schubert & Andrés Caballero Calvo & Markus Rauchecker & Oscar Rojas-Zamora & Grischa Brokamp & Brigitta Schütt, 2018. "Assessment of Land Cover Changes in the Hinterland of Barranquilla (Colombia) Using Landsat Imagery and Logistic Regression," Land, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-24, December.
    2. Joao L. Ferrao & Sergio Niquisse & Jorge M. Mendes & Marco Painho, 2018. "Mapping and Modelling Malaria Risk Areas Using Climate, Socio-Demographic and Clinical Variables in Chimoio, Mozambique," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15, April.
    3. Kibret, S. & Lautze, Jonathan & McCartney, Matthew & Nhamo, Luxon & Yan, G., 2019. "Malaria around large dams in Africa: effect of environmental and transmission endemicity factors," Papers published in Journals (Open Access), International Water Management Institute, pages 18:1-112..
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