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Prevalence of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Football Players: A Novel Multi Football Clubs Cross Sectional Study

Author

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  • Sultan Ayoub Meo

    (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abdulelah Adnan Abukhalaf

    (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ali Abdullah Alomar

    (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia)

  • Omar Mohammed Alessa

    (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia)

  • Omar Yassin Sumaya

    (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia)

  • Anusha Sultan Meo

    (Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi 051, Pakistan)

Abstract

Sports offer great benefits, improving health and reducing the risk of illnesses. This study’s aim was to investigate the prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in football players compared to population based non-elite athlete control subjects. Initially 1100 male volunteers, (550) football players, and (550) population based non-elite athlete control subjects were interviewed. After socio-demographic and medical history analysis, 756 (378) nonsmoker male football players and (378) nonsmoker male control subjects were recruited. The control subjects were not involved in regular sports activities such as football, volleyball, badminton, cricket, hockey, and swimming. Participants with a known history of anemia, blood diseases, diabetes mellitus, and malignancy were excluded from the study. The mean age of football players was 31.80 ± 5.46 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) was 26.40 ± 2.08 (kg/m 2 ), and the mean age of control subjects was 32.32 ± 4.37 years, and BMI was 26.66 ± 1.87 (kg/m 2 ). The selected football players have been playing football for about 2 h a day, 3 days per week, and so the total mean duration of playing football was 1.08 years. American Diabetes Association (ADA) based criteria on Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) was used to investigate prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In football players the prevalence of prediabetes was 30 (7.93%) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was 6 (1.59%) compared to population based matched non-elite athlete control subjects where the prediabetes was 71 (18.78%) and T2DM was 89 (23.54%) ( p = 0.001). Among football players there was a 7-fold decrease in T2DM compared to control subjects. Football recreational activities markedly reduce the prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM. The study findings demonstrate the benefits of football and other such sport activities and emphasize the urgent need for promoting football based physical activities as a physiological preventive strategy against the globally growing diabetes epidemic.

Suggested Citation

  • Sultan Ayoub Meo & Abdulelah Adnan Abukhalaf & Ali Abdullah Alomar & Omar Mohammed Alessa & Omar Yassin Sumaya & Anusha Sultan Meo, 2021. "Prevalence of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Football Players: A Novel Multi Football Clubs Cross Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-9, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1763-:d:497784
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jin-Hyeong Kim & Juhwan Noh & Jae-Woo Choi & Eun-Cheol Park, 2017. "Association of Education and Smoking Status on Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-9, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hawra Bin Maan & Sultan Ayoub Meo & Fawziah Al Rouq & Imran Muhammad Umar Meo & Milagros E. Gacuan & Joud Mohammed Alkhalifah, 2021. "Effect of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) and Duration of Disease on Lung Functions in Type 2 Diabetic Patients," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-10, June.

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