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Identification of Risk Factors to Predict the Occurrences of Relapses in Individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder in Iran

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  • Omran Davarinejad

    (Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran
    Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851451, Iran)

  • Tahereh Mohammadi Majd

    (Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851451, Iran)

  • Farzaneh Golmohammadi

    (Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851451, Iran)

  • Payam Mohammadi

    (Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851451, Iran)

  • Farnaz Radmehr

    (Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851451, Iran)

  • Mostafa Alikhani

    (Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran
    Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851451, Iran)

  • Tayebeh Motaei

    (Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851451, Iran)

  • Mehdi Moradinazar

    (Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851451, Iran)

  • Annette Brühl

    (Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland)

  • Dena Sadeghi Bahmani

    (Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
    Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran
    Departments of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35209, USA)

  • Serge Brand

    (Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran
    Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
    Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran
    Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland)

Abstract

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder (SSD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder with a modest treatment outcome. In addition, relapses are commonplace. Here, we sought to identify factors that predict relapse latency and frequency. To this end, we retrospectively analyzed data for individuals with SSD. Medical records of 401 individuals with SSD were analyzed (mean age: 25.51 years; 63.6% males) covering a five-year period. Univariate and multivariate Penalized Likelihood Models with Shared Log-Normal Frailty were used to determine the correlation between discharge time and relapse and to identify risk factors. A total of 683 relapses were observed in males, and 422 relapses in females. The Relapse Hazard Ratio (RHR) decreased with age (RHR = 0.99, CI: (0.98–0.998)) and with participants’ adherence to pharmacological treatment (HR = 0.71, CI: 0.58–0.86). In contrast, RHR increased with a history of suicide attempts (HR = 1.32, CI: 1.09–1.60), and a gradual compared to a sudden onset of disease (HR = 1.45, CI: 1.02–2.05). Gender was not predictive. Data indicate that preventive and therapeutic interventions may be particularly important for individuals who are younger at disease onset, have a history of suicide attempts, have experienced a gradual onset of disease, and have difficulties adhering to medication.

Suggested Citation

  • Omran Davarinejad & Tahereh Mohammadi Majd & Farzaneh Golmohammadi & Payam Mohammadi & Farnaz Radmehr & Mostafa Alikhani & Tayebeh Motaei & Mehdi Moradinazar & Annette Brühl & Dena Sadeghi Bahmani & S, 2021. "Identification of Risk Factors to Predict the Occurrences of Relapses in Individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder in Iran," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-13, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:2:p:546-:d:478414
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sarah Sullivan & Kate Northstone & Caroline Gadd & Julian Walker & Ruta Margelyte & Alison Richards & Penny Whiting, 2017. "Models to predict relapse in psychosis: A systematic review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(9), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Tji Tjian Chee & Louis Chua & Hamilton Morrin & Mao Fong Lim & Johnson Fam & Roger Ho, 2020. "Neuroanatomy of Patients with Deficit Schizophrenia: An Exploratory Quantitative Meta-Analysis of Structural Neuroimaging Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-26, August.
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