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Sex Differences in Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Retrospective Cohort Study using Hospital Discharge Data in Spain (2016–2019)

Author

Listed:
  • Ana Lopez-de-Andres

    (Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Marta Lopez-Herranz

    (Physiotherapy and Podology Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Valentin Hernandez-Barrera

    (Preventive Medicine and Public Health Teaching and Research Unit, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Madrid, Spain)

  • Javier de-Miguel-Diez

    (Respiratory Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Jose M. de-Miguel-Yanes

    (Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • David Carabantes-Alarcon

    (Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Romana Albaladejo-Vicente

    (Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Rosa Villanueva-Orbaiz

    (Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Rodrigo Jimenez-Garcia

    (Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

(1) Background: To analyze the incidence, clinical characteristics, use of procedures, and in-hospital outcomes in patients who developed pneumonia during their hospital admission according to sex and to the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (2) Methods: Retrospective cohort study using data from the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database. Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) was classed as non-ventilator HAP and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Separate analyses were performed for men and women with and without T2DM. Population subgroups were compared using propensity score matching. (3) Results: HAP was identified in 38,814 patients (24.07% with T2DM). The adjusted incidence of HAP was higher in patients with T2DM (both sexes) (IRR 1.28; 95% CI 1.25–1.31). The incidence of HAP was higher in men with T2DM than in women with T2DM (adjusted-IR 1.47; 95% CI 1.41–1.53). The incidence of HAP among T2DM patients increased over time. In-hospital mortality (IHM) was around 28% irrespective of T2DM status and sex. After adjusting for confounders and sex, VAP was associated to higher IHM among patients with T2DM (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.7–2.57). (4) Conclusions: T2DM is associated with a higher risk of HAP, whose incidence increased over time. Men with T2DM have an almost 50% higher risk of HAP than women with T2DM. The probability of dying in the hospital was not associated with sex or T2DM.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Lopez-de-Andres & Marta Lopez-Herranz & Valentin Hernandez-Barrera & Javier de-Miguel-Diez & Jose M. de-Miguel-Yanes & David Carabantes-Alarcon & Romana Albaladejo-Vicente & Rosa Villanueva-Orbaiz, 2021. "Sex Differences in Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Retrospective Cohort Study using Hospital Discharge Data in Spain (2016–2019)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:23:p:12645-:d:692014
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maria Kózka & Aurelia Sega & Katarzyna Wojnar-Gruszka & Agnieszka Tarnawska & Agnieszka Gniadek, 2020. "Risk Factors of Pneumonia Associated with Mechanical Ventilation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-7, January.
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