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Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Author

Listed:
  • Beatriz Brea-Gómez

    (Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain)

  • Irene Torres-Sánchez

    (Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain)

  • Araceli Ortiz-Rubio

    (Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain)

  • Andrés Calvache-Mateo

    (Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain)

  • Irene Cabrera-Martos

    (Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain)

  • Laura López-López

    (Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain)

  • Marie Carmen Valenza

    (Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain)

Abstract

Virtual reality (VR) can present advantages in the treatment of chronic low back pain. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the effectiveness of VR in chronic low back pain. This review was designed according to PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020222129). Four databases (PubMed, Cinahl, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched up to August 2021. Inclusion criteria were defined following PICOS recommendations. Methodological quality was assessed with the Downs and Black scale and the risk of bias with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review and eleven in the meta-analysis. Significant differences were found in favor of VR compared to no VR in pain intensity postintervention (11 trials; n = 569; SMD = −1.92; 95% CI = −2.73, −1.11; p < 0.00001) and followup (4 trials; n = 240; SDM = −6.34; 95% CI = −9.12, −3.56; p < 0.00001); and kinesiophobia postintervention (3 trials; n = 192; MD = −8.96; 95% CI = −17.52, −0.40; p = 0.04) and followup (2 trials; n = 149; MD = −12.04; 95% CI = −20.58, −3.49; p = 0.006). No significant differences were found in disability. In conclusion, VR can significantly reduce pain intensity and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic low back pain after the intervention and at followup. However, high heterogeneity exists and can influence the consistency of the results.

Suggested Citation

  • Beatriz Brea-Gómez & Irene Torres-Sánchez & Araceli Ortiz-Rubio & Andrés Calvache-Mateo & Irene Cabrera-Martos & Laura López-López & Marie Carmen Valenza, 2021. "Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-32, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:22:p:11806-:d:676461
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yun-Sang Park & Chang-Sik An & Chae-Gil Lim, 2021. "Effects of a Rehabilitation Program Using a Wearable Device on the Upper Limb Function, Performance of Activities of Daily Living, and Rehabilitation Participation in Patients with Acute Stroke," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-10, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mastour Saeed Alshahrani & Ravi Shankar Reddy, 2022. "Relationship between Kinesiophobia and Ankle Joint Position Sense and Postural Control in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability—A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-11, February.

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