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Association between Maternal Exposure to Chemicals during Pregnancy and the Risk of Foetal Death: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study

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  • Tadao Ooka

    (Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi 409-3898, Yamanashi, Japan)

  • Sayaka Horiuchi

    (Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi 409-3898, Yamanashi, Japan)

  • Ryoji Shinohara

    (Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi 409-3898, Yamanashi, Japan)

  • Reiji Kojima

    (Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi 409-3898, Yamanashi, Japan)

  • Yuka Akiyama

    (Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi 409-3898, Yamanashi, Japan)

  • Kunio Miyake

    (Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi 409-3898, Yamanashi, Japan)

  • Sanae Otawa

    (Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi 409-3898, Yamanashi, Japan)

  • Hiroshi Yokomichi

    (Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi 409-3898, Yamanashi, Japan)

  • Zentaro Yamagata

    (Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi 409-3898, Yamanashi, Japan
    Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-shi 409-3898, Yamanashi, Japan)

  • on behalf of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group

    (Study group members are listed in the Acknowledgments.)

Abstract

Scarce knowledge is available on the relationship between maternal chemical exposure during pregnancy and foetal deaths. We studied the association of spontaneous abortions and stillbirths with occupational or daily maternal exposure to chemicals commonly used by pregnant women. Data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), a nationwide prospective birth cohort study, were used. The participants of the study were asked about the frequency of their use of gasoline, pesticides, hair dye, and chlorine bleach during the first and the second to third trimesters of pregnancy. We investigated the relationship between the frequency of the use of chemicals and foetal death. Of the 104,065 foetuses, 923 (0.91%) were spontaneous abortions and 379 (0.37%) were stillbirths. Any type of exposure during the first trimester was not significantly associated with spontaneous abortions. Nevertheless, a more than weekly occupational use of hair dye from the first to the second/third trimester was significantly associated with stillbirth. The results of this study suggest that the frequent use of hair dye during pregnancy can have severe adverse effects on the foetus. These findings can help pregnant women, especially hairdressers, refrain from the continuous use of hair dyes.

Suggested Citation

  • Tadao Ooka & Sayaka Horiuchi & Ryoji Shinohara & Reiji Kojima & Yuka Akiyama & Kunio Miyake & Sanae Otawa & Hiroshi Yokomichi & Zentaro Yamagata & on behalf of the Japan Environment and Children’s Stu, 2021. "Association between Maternal Exposure to Chemicals during Pregnancy and the Risk of Foetal Death: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:22:p:11748-:d:675213
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lucijan Mohorovic & Oleg Petrovic & Herman Haller & Vladimir Micovic, 2010. "Pregnancy Loss and Maternal Methemoglobin Levels: An Indirect Explanation of the Association of Environmental Toxics and Their Adverse Effects on the Mother and the Fetus," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 7(12), pages 1-10, December.
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