IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i21p11590-d672039.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Modification of Apremilast from Pills to Aerosol a Future Concept

Author

Listed:
  • Paul Zarogoulidis

    (Pulmonary Department, General Clinic, Euromedica Private Hospital, 546 45 Thessaloniki, Greece
    3rd Surgery Department, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 21 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Christoforos Kosmidis

    (3rd Surgery Department, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 21 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Nikolaos Kougkas

    (Rheumatology Department, IPPOKRATEIO University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Aimilios Lallas

    (1st Dermatology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 540 06 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Dimitris Petridis

    (Department of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 507 01 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Wolfgang Hohenforst-Schmidt

    (Sana Clinic Group Franken, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Intensive Care, Nephrology, Hof Clinics, University of Erlangen, 91054 Hof, Germany)

  • Haidong Huang

    (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China)

  • Lutz Freitag

    (Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland)

  • Chrisanthi Sardeli

    (Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 45 Thessaloniki, Greece)

Abstract

Background: Inhaled drugs have been available in the market for several years and for several diseases. Drugs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and diabetes have been used for several years. In the field of drug modification, these drugs range from tablets to aerosol. Methods: Milling as used to break down the tablets to powder and nebulisers are used to produce aerosol droplets. A mastersizer was used to measure the mass median aerodynamic diameter of the aerosol droplets. Results: Apremilast produced mmad diameters (2.43 μm) without any statistical difference between the different jet-nebulizers. The residual cup B contributed to greater mmad diameters as the 95% interval of mean values, based on those the ANOVA mean square clearly indicated, followed by cups C and F. The previous interval plot is much better clarified when the interaction means between drug and residual cap are plotted. The residual cups B, C and F produce mmad between (2.0–3.2). Conclusion: In the current research study we demonstrated our methodology to create apremilast powder and produce apremilast aerosol droplets with different nebulisers and residual cups.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul Zarogoulidis & Christoforos Kosmidis & Nikolaos Kougkas & Aimilios Lallas & Dimitris Petridis & Wolfgang Hohenforst-Schmidt & Haidong Huang & Lutz Freitag & Chrisanthi Sardeli, 2021. "Modification of Apremilast from Pills to Aerosol a Future Concept," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-9, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11590-:d:672039
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11590/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11590/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:21:p:11590-:d:672039. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.