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Exploring the Relationship between Mumps and Meteorological Factors in Shandong Province, China Based on a Two-Stage Model

Author

Listed:
  • Yuchen Zhu

    (Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
    Contributed equally.)

  • Dandan Zhang

    (Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
    Heze Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Heze 274003, China
    Contributed equally.)

  • Yuchen Hu

    (MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, 90 High Holborn, London WC1V 6LJ, UK)

  • Chunyu Li

    (Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China)

  • Yan Jia

    (Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China)

  • Kaili She

    (Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China)

  • Tingxuan Liu

    (Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China)

  • Qing Xu

    (Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250012, China)

  • Ying Zhang

    (School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia)

  • Xiujun Li

    (Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China)

Abstract

Background: Small-scale studies have identified temperature and other meteorological factors as risk factors for human health. However, only a few have quantified the specific impact of meteorological factors on mumps. A quantitative examination of the exposure–response relationship between meteorological factors and mumps is needed to provide new insights for multi-city analysis. Methods: The daily recorded number of mumps cases and meteorological data in 17 cities of Shandong Province from 2009 to 2017 were collected. A two-stage model was built to explore the relationship between meteorological factors and mumps. Results: A total of 104,685 cases of mumps were recorded from 2009 to 2017. After controlling for seasonality and long-term trends, the effect of low temperature on mumps was significant at the provincial level, with a cumulative RR of 1.035 (95%CI: 1.002–1.069) with a 1-day lagged effect. The proportion of primary and middle school students was determined as an effect modifier, which had a significant impact on mumps ( Stat = 8.374, p = 0.039). There was heterogeneity in the combined effect of temperature on mumps ( Q = 95.447, p = 0.000), and its size was I 2 = 49.7%. Conclusions: We have identified a non-linear relationship between mumps and temperature in Shandong Province. In particular, low temperatures could bring more cases of mumps, with certain lagged effects. More public health measures should be taken to reduce the risks when temperatures are low, especially for cities with a high proportion of primary and secondary school students.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuchen Zhu & Dandan Zhang & Yuchen Hu & Chunyu Li & Yan Jia & Kaili She & Tingxuan Liu & Qing Xu & Ying Zhang & Xiujun Li, 2021. "Exploring the Relationship between Mumps and Meteorological Factors in Shandong Province, China Based on a Two-Stage Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-13, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:19:p:10359-:d:648296
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Andrea-Ioana Beleni & Stefan Borgmann, 2018. "Mumps in the Vaccination Age: Global Epidemiology and the Situation in Germany," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-14, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hong Zhang & Kun Su & Xiaoni Zhong, 2022. "Association between Meteorological Factors and Mumps and Models for Prediction in Chongqing, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-11, May.
    2. Li Wen & Danling Yang & Yanning Li & Dongjia Lu & Haixia Su & Mengying Tang & Xiaokun Song, 2022. "Spatial Effect of Ecological Environmental Factors on Mumps in China during 2014–2018," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-16, November.

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