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Does Exposure of Lead and Cadmium Affect the Endometriosis?

Author

Listed:
  • Min-Gi Kim

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Korea)

  • Young-Sun Min

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang Cheonan Hospital, College of Medicine, Soon-chunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea)

  • Yeon-Soon Ahn

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea
    Institute of Genomic Cohort, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea)

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of blood lead levels (BLLs) and lead and cadmium exposure on endometriosis (EM). The study cohort consisted of female workers who underwent a lead-associated special medical examination between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2004 ( n = 26,542). The standard admission rate (SAR) and admission odds ratio (OR) for EM were calculated using the general population and noise-exposed groups, respectively, for the same period as the reference standards. The SAR for EM was 1.24 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.48) in lead-exposed workers and 1.44 (95% CI: 1.11–1.85) in workers with BLLs < 5 μg/dL when compared with that of the general population. Admission ORs of EM in lead-exposed workers and those with BLLs < 5 μg/dL were statistically higher than those of noise-exposed workers (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.15–1.70 and OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.11–1.98, respectively). The relative excess risk due to interaction of lead and cadmium was 0.33. Lead exposure was associated with EM admission. EM admission in lead-exposed workers with BLLs < 5 μg/dL was statistically higher than that of the general population and noise-exposed workers. Co-exposure to lead and cadmium has a synergistic effect with EM.

Suggested Citation

  • Min-Gi Kim & Young-Sun Min & Yeon-Soon Ahn, 2021. "Does Exposure of Lead and Cadmium Affect the Endometriosis?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-9, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:17:p:9077-:d:624002
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