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Bioavailability Assessment of Heavy Metals Using Various Multi-Element Extractants in an Indigenous Zinc Smelting Contaminated Site, Southwestern China

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  • Jun-Xian Wang

    (Centre for Environmental Risk Management and Remediation of Soil and Groundwater, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
    These authors contribute equally to this work.)

  • Da-Mao Xu

    (Centre for Environmental Risk Management and Remediation of Soil and Groundwater, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
    These authors contribute equally to this work.)

  • Rong-Bing Fu

    (Centre for Environmental Risk Management and Remediation of Soil and Groundwater, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China)

  • Jia-Peng Chen

    (State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

Abstract

Despite recent studies have investigated the strong influences of smelting activities on heavy metal contamination in the soil environment, little studies have been conducted on the current information about the potential environmental risks posed by toxic heavy metals in smelting contaminated sites. In the present study, a combination of the bioavailability, speciation, and release kinetics of toxic heavy metals in the indigenous zinc smelting contaminated soil were reliably used as an effective tool to support site risk assessment. The bioavailability results revealed that the bioavailable metal concentrations were intrinsically dependent on the types of chemical extractants. Interestingly, 0.02 mol/L EDTA + 0.5 mol/L CH 3 COONH 4 was found to be the best extractant, which extracted 30.21% of Cu, 31.54% of Mn, 2.39% of Ni and 28.89% of Zn, respectively. The sequential extraction results suggested that Cd, Pb, and Zn were the most mobile elements, which would pose the potential risks to the environment. The correlation of metal bioavailability with their fractionation implied that the exchangeable metal fractions were easily extracted by CaCl 2 and Mehlich 1, while the carbonate and organic bound metal fractions could be extracted by EDTA and DTPA with stronger chelating ability. Moreover, the kinetic modeling results suggested that the chemical desorption mechanism might be the major factor controlling heavy metal release. These results could provide some valuable references for the risk assessment and management of heavy metals in the smelting contaminated sites.

Suggested Citation

  • Jun-Xian Wang & Da-Mao Xu & Rong-Bing Fu & Jia-Peng Chen, 2021. "Bioavailability Assessment of Heavy Metals Using Various Multi-Element Extractants in an Indigenous Zinc Smelting Contaminated Site, Southwestern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-11, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:16:p:8560-:d:613896
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shan Li & Xiangyang Bi & Zhonggen Li & Heng Wang & Xinyu Li & Xinbin Feng & Guangyi Sun & Ji Chen & Bo Meng, 2021. "Heavy Metal(loid)s Contamination in Ground Dust and Associated Health Risks at a Former Indigenous Zinc Smelting Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-15, January.
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    1. Atanas Atanasov & Ivaylo Hristakov & Gergana Kuncheva & Milan Koszel & Veselin Dochev, 2023. "Assessment of heavy metals in soil, oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and honey," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 69(8), pages 400-407.
    2. Francesco Arfelli & Cristian Tosi & Luca Ciacci & Fabrizio Passarini, 2024. "Life Cycle Assessment of a Wood Biomass Gasification Plant and Implications for Syngas and Biochar Utilization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-15, May.

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