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Association between Ambient Temperature and Severe Diarrhoea in the National Capital Region, Philippines

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  • Paul L. C. Chua

    (Department of Global Health, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1 Chome-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan
    Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
    Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes, Inc., Rm. 406, Veria I Bldg., 62 West Avenue, Barangay West Triangle, Quezon City 1104, Philippines)

  • Chris Fook Sheng Ng

    (Department of Global Health, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1 Chome-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan)

  • Adovich S. Rivera

    (Institute for Public Health and Management, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 633 N. St. Clair Street, 20th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA)

  • Eumelia P. Salva

    (San Lazaro Hospital, Quiricada St., Santa Cruz, Manila 1003, Philippines)

  • Miguel Antonio Salazar

    (Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes, Inc., Rm. 406, Veria I Bldg., 62 West Avenue, Barangay West Triangle, Quezon City 1104, Philippines
    Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany)

  • Veronika Huber

    (Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Masahiro Hashizume

    (Department of Global Health, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1 Chome-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan
    Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan)

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have quantified the association between ambient temperature and diarrhoea. However, to our knowledge, no study has quantified the temperature association for severe diarrhoea cases. In this study, we quantified the association between mean temperature and two severe diarrhoea outcomes, which were mortality and hospital admissions accompanied with dehydration and/or co-morbidities. Using a 12-year dataset of three urban districts of the National Capital Region, Philippines, we modelled the non-linear association between weekly temperatures and weekly severe diarrhoea cases using a two-stage time series analysis. We computed the relative risks at the 95th (30.4 °C) and 5th percentiles (25.8 °C) of temperatures using minimum risk temperatures (MRTs) as the reference to quantify the association with high- and low-temperatures, respectively. The shapes of the cumulative associations were generally J-shaped with greater associations towards high temperatures. Mortality risks were found to increase by 53.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 29.4%; 81.7%)] at 95th percentile of weekly mean temperatures compared with the MRT (28.2 °C). Similarly, the risk of hospitalised severe diarrhoea increased by 27.1% (95% CI: 0.7%; 60.4%) at 95th percentile in mean weekly temperatures compared with the MRT (28.6 °C). With the increased risk of severe diarrhoea cases under high ambient temperature, there may be a need to strengthen primary healthcare services and sustain the improvements made in water, sanitation, and hygiene, particularly in poor communities.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul L. C. Chua & Chris Fook Sheng Ng & Adovich S. Rivera & Eumelia P. Salva & Miguel Antonio Salazar & Veronika Huber & Masahiro Hashizume, 2021. "Association between Ambient Temperature and Severe Diarrhoea in the National Capital Region, Philippines," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-10, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:15:p:8191-:d:607156
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Peter Ekamper & Frans van Poppel & Coen van Duin & Joop Garssen, 2009. "150 Years of temperature-related excess mortality in the Netherlands," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 21(14), pages 385-426.
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