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Randomized Controlled Trial of Simple Salt Reduction Instructions by Physician for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Consuming Excessive Salt

Author

Listed:
  • Chikako Oyabu

    (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto First Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto 605-0981, Japan)

  • Emi Ushigome

    (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan)

  • Yuriko Ono

    (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan)

  • Ayaka Kobayashi

    (Department of Diabetes Medicine, Fukuchiyama City Hospital, Kyoto 620-8505, Japan)

  • Yoshitaka Hashimoto

    (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan)

  • Ryosuke Sakai

    (Department of Diabetes Medicine, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto 604-8845, Japan)

  • Hiroya Iwase

    (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto First Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto 605-0981, Japan)

  • Hiroshi Okada

    (Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Moriguchi 570-8540, Japan)

  • Isao Yokota

    (Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan)

  • Toru Tanaka

    (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto First Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto 605-0981, Japan)

  • Michiaki Fukui

    (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan)

Abstract

Objectives : We verified the clinical usefulness of an approach method in which a physician gives simple salt reduction instructions during outpatient visits to patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods : This study was an open-blind, randomized controlled trial. Subjects were outpatients with type 2 diabetes whose estimated salt intake using spot morning urine sample exceeded the target of salt intake. The control group (CG) was notified only of the current salt intake, whereas the intervention group (IG) was given the brief salt reduction instruction by a physician in addition to the information regarding their current salt intake. Results : The change in estimated salt intake was −0.6 g (from 10.1 to 9.5 g, p = 0.029) in the CG after 8 weeks, and −0.9 g (from 10.1 to 9.2 g, p = 0.001) in the IG, although there were no significant differences between them ( p = 0.47). After 24 weeks, both groups no longer differed significantly from the baseline. In addition, multivariate linear regression analyses indicated that high salt intake and low estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline were significantly associated with salt reduction after 8 weeks. Conclusions : Salt-reducing effects were observed after 8 weeks in both the IG and CG, but no significant difference was observed. Moreover, patients with high salt intake and renal disfunction may be more effective in accepting salt reduction instructions. Making patients aware of the importance of salt reduction through a physician is effective for continuous salt reduction, and it is important to continue regular and repetitive guidance.

Suggested Citation

  • Chikako Oyabu & Emi Ushigome & Yuriko Ono & Ayaka Kobayashi & Yoshitaka Hashimoto & Ryosuke Sakai & Hiroya Iwase & Hiroshi Okada & Isao Yokota & Toru Tanaka & Michiaki Fukui, 2021. "Randomized Controlled Trial of Simple Salt Reduction Instructions by Physician for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Consuming Excessive Salt," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-11, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:13:p:6913-:d:583540
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