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A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol to Test the Efficacy of a Dual-Task Multicomponent Exercise Program vs. a Simple Program on Cognitive and Fitness Performance in Elderly People

Author

Listed:
  • Juan Antonio Párraga-Montilla

    (Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Humanities and Educational Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain)

  • Agustín Aibar-Almazán

    (Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain)

  • José Carlos Cabrera-Linares

    (Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Humanities and Educational Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain)

  • Emilio Lozano-Aguilera

    (Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Faculty of Social and Legal Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain)

  • Víctor Serrano Huete

    (Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, International University Isabel I, 09003 Burgos, Spain)

  • María Dolores Escarabajal Arrieta

    (Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Educational Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain)

  • Pedro Ángel Latorre-Román

    (Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Humanities and Educational Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain)

Abstract

Background: The necessity of improve the life quality in elderly people is well-known. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of physical and cognitive training programs, as well as their combination on the cognitive functions and physical capacities in women over 80 years old. Methods: Forty-three women took part in this study (80.86 ± 5.03 years). They were divided into four groups (three experimental groups and one control group). Experimental group 1 performed cognitive training. Experimental group 2 did physical–cognitive training, and Experimental Group 3 accomplished physical training. All of training programs had duration of eight weeks (five sessions of 60 min per week). We measured cognitive variables with the Stroop test, D2 test, and Trail Making test. Physical variables were measured with handgrip strength, Minute Step Test, and visual–acoustic reaction time. Results. Control group reduces his physical and cognitive capacities, while the three experimental groups increase these capacities. We found a strong correlation between the increase of physical and cognitive capacities. Conclusion: Eight weeks of training physical, cognitive or mixed, increased physical and cognitive functions of elderly people which may reduce the negative effects of the aging process.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan Antonio Párraga-Montilla & Agustín Aibar-Almazán & José Carlos Cabrera-Linares & Emilio Lozano-Aguilera & Víctor Serrano Huete & María Dolores Escarabajal Arrieta & Pedro Ángel Latorre-Román, 2021. "A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol to Test the Efficacy of a Dual-Task Multicomponent Exercise Program vs. a Simple Program on Cognitive and Fitness Performance in Elderly People," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:12:p:6507-:d:576230
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Christopher J. Keating & José Carlos Cabrera-Linares & Juan A. Párraga-Montilla & Pedro A. Latorre-Román & Rafael Moreno del Castillo & Felipe García-Pinillos, 2021. "Influence of Resistance Training on Gait & Balance Parameters in Older Adults: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-13, February.
    2. Ola Sternäng & Chandra A. Reynolds & Deborah Finkel & Marie Ernsth-Bravell & Nancy L. Pedersen & Anna K. Dahl Aslan, 2016. "Grip Strength and Cognitive Abilities: Associations in Old Age," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 71(5), pages 841-848.
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