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Influence of Forest Visitors’ Perceived Restorativeness on Social–Psychological Stress

Author

Listed:
  • Don-Gak Lee

    (Graduated Department of Forest Therapy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea)

  • Mi-Mi Lee

    (Graduated Department of Forest Therapy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea)

  • Young-Mi Jeong

    (Graduated Department of Forest Therapy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea)

  • Jin-Gun Kim

    (Graduated Department of Forest Therapy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea)

  • Yung-Kyoon Yoon

    (Department of Forest Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea)

  • Won-Sop Shin

    (Department of Forest Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea)

Abstract

This study was conducted to verify the perceived restorativeness of citizens visiting forests on social–psychological stress and psychological resilience according to forest space type. The study involved a questionnaire survey conducted on citizens who visited forests between 1 May and 15 July 2020, when social distancing in daily life was being implemented. Three types of forest spaces (urban forest, national park, and natural recreation forest) were selected for the survey. They used the survey results of 1196 people as analysis data for this study. In this study, the PRS (Perceived Restorativeness Scale) and the PWI-SF (Psychosocial Well-being Index Short Form) were used to evaluate perceived restorativeness and social–psychological stress of citizens visiting forests. In the study, the average score of visitors’ perceived restorativeness was 5.31 ± 0.77. Social–psychological stress was found in the healthy group, potential stress group, and high-risk group. These groups made up 8.0%, 82.5%, and 9.5% of the respondents, respectively. Pearson’s correlation analysis between perceived restorativeness and social–psychological stress revealed that the higher the perceived restorativeness, the lower the social–psychological stress. “Diversion Mood”, “Not bored”, and “Coherence”, which are the sub-factors of perceived restorativeness according to the forest space type, were found to have meaningful results for psychological resilience. However, there was no significant difference in the forest space type between “Compatibility” and social–psychological stress, which are sub-factors of perceived restorativeness. In conclusion, the forest space type affects the psychological resilience of those who visit the forest. Urban forests, national parks, and natural recreation forests are places to reduce stress.

Suggested Citation

  • Don-Gak Lee & Mi-Mi Lee & Young-Mi Jeong & Jin-Gun Kim & Yung-Kyoon Yoon & Won-Sop Shin, 2021. "Influence of Forest Visitors’ Perceived Restorativeness on Social–Psychological Stress," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-14, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:12:p:6328-:d:573125
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kyung-Sook Bang & Sungjae Kim & Min Kyung Song & Kyung Im Kang & Yeaseul Jeong, 2018. "The Effects of a Health Promotion Program Using Urban Forests and Nursing Student Mentors on the Perceived and Psychological Health of Elementary School Children in Vulnerable Populations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-11, September.
    2. Chorong Song & Harumi Ikei & Bum-Jin Park & Juyoung Lee & Takahide Kagawa & Yoshifumi Miyazaki, 2018. "Psychological Benefits of Walking through Forest Areas," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Florian Lederbogen & Peter Kirsch & Leila Haddad & Fabian Streit & Heike Tost & Philipp Schuch & Stefan Wüst & Jens C. Pruessner & Marcella Rietschel & Michael Deuschle & Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, 2011. "City living and urban upbringing affect neural social stress processing in humans," Nature, Nature, vol. 474(7352), pages 498-501, June.
    4. Hiromitsu Kobayashi & Chorong Song & Harumi Ikei & Bum-Jin Park & Juyoung Lee & Takahide Kagawa & Yoshifumi Miyazaki, 2017. "Population-Based Study on the Effect of a Forest Environment on Salivary Cortisol Concentration," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-9, August.
    5. Chorong Song & Harumi Ikei & Maiko Kobayashi & Takashi Miura & Masao Taue & Takahide Kagawa & Qing Li & Shigeyoshi Kumeda & Michiko Imai & Yoshifumi Miyazaki, 2015. "Effect of Forest Walking on Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Middle-Aged Hypertensive Individuals: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-13, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Seong-Hee Jo & Jin-Seok Park & Poung-Sik Yeon, 2021. "The Effect of Forest Video Using Virtual Reality on the Stress Reduction of University Students Focused on C University in Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Bobae Lee & Poungsik Yeon & Seoncheol Park, 2022. "The Factors and Relationships Influencing Forest Hiking Exercise Characteristics after COVID-19 Occurrence: At Seoul Metropolitan Area and in Hikers’ 20s and 30s," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-13, December.
    3. Don-Gak Lee & Jin-Gun Kim & Bum-Jin Park & Won Sop Shin, 2022. "Effect of Forest Users’ Stress on Perceived Restorativeness, Forest Recreation Motivation, and Mental Well-Being during COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-19, May.
    4. Megan Heckert & Amanda Bristowe, 2021. "Parks and the Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Research on Green Infrastructure Use and Health Outcomes during COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-17, December.

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