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Favorable Lip and Oral Cancer Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios in Countries with High Human Development Index and Expenditures on Health

Author

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  • Wen-Wei Sung

    (Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Wen-Wei Sung and Yong-Chen Hsu contributed equally to this manuscript.)

  • Yong-Chen Hsu

    (Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Wen-Wei Sung and Yong-Chen Hsu contributed equally to this manuscript.)

  • Chen Dong

    (School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan)

  • Ying-Ching Chen

    (School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan)

  • Yu-Chi Chao

    (School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan)

  • Chih-Jung Chen

    (School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
    Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan)

Abstract

Background: The incidence rates of lip and oral cancer have continued to increase, and prognosis is associated with a country’s socioeconomic status. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is a reasonable indicator of disparities in cancer screening and treatment. In this study, we aimed to understand the association between economic status and cancer prognosis. Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The MIRs were compared to evaluate the correlation with the human development index (HDI), the current health expenditure (CHE), and the ratio of CHE over gross domestic product (CHE/GDP) disparities via Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed that Asia had the most cases and deaths. In addition, they showed a significant association ( p < 0.001, p = 0.005, and p < 0.001, respectively) of the crude rate (CR) of incidence with the HDI, the CHE, and the CHE/GDP. However, their associations with mortality rate ( p = 0.303, p = 0.997, and p = 0.101) were not significant. Regarding the correlation of the MIRs, the results revealed a significant association with the HDI, the CHE, and the CHE/GDP ( p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Countries with higher HDI, CHE per capita, and CHE/GDP tend to have lower MIRs, which indicates favorable clinical outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Wen-Wei Sung & Yong-Chen Hsu & Chen Dong & Ying-Ching Chen & Yu-Chi Chao & Chih-Jung Chen, 2021. "Favorable Lip and Oral Cancer Mortality-to-Incidence Ratios in Countries with High Human Development Index and Expenditures on Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-8, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:6012-:d:568237
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cheng-Yu Huang & Kwong-Kwok Au & Sung-Lang Chen & Shao-Chuan Wang & Chi-Yu Liao & Hui-Hsiang Hsu & Wen-Wei Sung & Yao-Chen Wang, 2018. "Unfavorable Mortality-To-Incidence Ratio of Lung Cancer Is Associated with Health Care Disparity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-9, December.
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