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Evaluation of the Risk of Anxiety and/or Depression during Confinement Due to COVID-19 in Central Spain

Author

Listed:
  • Rosa M Cárdaba-García

    (Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
    Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
    Emergencies Management (SACYL), 40002 Segovia, Spain)

  • Lucia Pérez Pérez

    (Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
    Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
    Primary Care Management Valladolid West (SACYL), 47012 Valladolid, Spain)

  • Virtudes Niño Martín

    (Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
    Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
    Primary Care Management Valladolid East (SACYL), 47010 Valladolid, Spain)

  • Inés Cárdaba-García

    (General Hospital of Segovia (SACYL), 40002 Segovia, Spain)

  • Carlos Durantez-Fernández

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain)

  • Elena Olea

    (Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
    Nursing Care Research (GICE), Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
    Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain)

Abstract

(1) Background: The confinement of the population in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was related to an increased risk of suffering from anxiety and/or depression in previous studies with other populations. (2) Methods: descriptive study using surveys (Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale) with 808 participants over 18 years of age between 14 and 20 of May 2020 during the confinement due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in Spain. (3) Results: 63% of the participants were at risk of suffering from anxiety and 64.9% were at risk of depression. Variables reaching statistical significance were: age (t anxiety = −0.139 and t depression = −0.153), gender (t anxiety = −4.152 and t depression = −4.178), marital status (anxiety F = 2.893 and depression F = 3.011), symptoms compatible with COVID-19 (t anxiety = −4.177 and t depression = −3.791), previous need for psychological help (t anxiety = −5.385 and t depression = −7.136) and need for such help at the time of the study (t anxiety = −9.144 and depression = −10.995). In addition, we generated two regression models that estimate the risk of anxiety and depression. (4) Conclusions: more than half of the participants were at risk of suffering from anxiety and/or depression, confirming the negative effect of confinement on the population.

Suggested Citation

  • Rosa M Cárdaba-García & Lucia Pérez Pérez & Virtudes Niño Martín & Inés Cárdaba-García & Carlos Durantez-Fernández & Elena Olea, 2021. "Evaluation of the Risk of Anxiety and/or Depression during Confinement Due to COVID-19 in Central Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-12, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:5732-:d:563083
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hasan Saeed Alamri & Abdullah Algarni & Shehata F. Shehata & Ali Al Bshabshe & Nada N. Alshehri & Abdalla M. ALAsiri & Amjad H. Hussain & Abdulrahman Y. Alalmay & Eman A. Alshehri & Yahya Alqarni & No, 2020. "Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among the General Population in Saudi Arabia during Covid-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-11, December.
    2. María Elena Gutiérrez-Hernández & Luisa Fernanda Fanjul & Alicia Díaz-Megolla & Pablo Reyes-Hurtado & Jonay Francisco Herrera-Rodríguez & María del Pilar Enjuto-Castellanos & Wenceslao Peñate, 2021. "COVID-19 Lockdown and Mental Health in a Sample Population in Spain: The Role of Self-Compassion," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-14, February.
    3. Bartosz Dalewski & Lukasz Palka & Paweł Kiczmer & Ewa Sobolewska, 2021. "The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak on the Polish Dental Community’s Standards of Care—A Six-Month Retrospective Survey-Based Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-14, January.
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    1. Nicola Di Fazio & Donato Morena & Giuseppe Delogu & Gianpietro Volonnino & Federico Manetti & Martina Padovano & Matteo Scopetti & Paola Frati & Vittorio Fineschi, 2022. "Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic Period in the European Population: An Institutional Challenge," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-20, July.

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