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Evolution of the Output–Workforce Relationship in Primary Care Facilities in China from 2009 to 2017

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  • Shan Lu

    (School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
    Research Centre for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities & Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan 430030, China
    Amsterdam UMC, department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, University of Amsterdam, 1071 JA Amsterdam, the Netherlands)

  • Liang Zhang

    (School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
    Research Centre for Rural Health Service, Key Research Institute of Humanities & Social Sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, Wuhan 430030, China)

  • Niek Klazinga

    (Amsterdam UMC, department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, University of Amsterdam, 1071 JA Amsterdam, the Netherlands)

  • Dionne Kringos

    (Amsterdam UMC, department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, University of Amsterdam, 1071 JA Amsterdam, the Netherlands)

Abstract

This study evaluates trends in workforce supply compared with those in the volume of service delivery (output) for basic clinical care (CC) and public health (PH) services from 2009 to 2017 in China. A cross-sectional survey (2018) was combined with retrospective data (2009–2017) from 785 primary care (PC) facilities in six provinces. Measures for the output of clinical care and of public health services were aggregated into a single (weighted) index for both service profiles. The output–workforce relationship was measured by its ratio. Latent class growth analysis and logistic regression analysis were applied to classify trajectories and determine associations with facility-level, geographic, and economic characteristics. From 2009 to 2017, the proportion of PC to overall healthcare workforce decreased from 24.25% to 18.57%; the proportion of PH to PC providers at PC facilities increased from 23.6% to 29.5%, while the proportion of PH output increased from 44.3% to 65.9%. Four trajectories of the output–workforce relationship were identified for CC, and five trajectories for PH services of which 85.3% of the facilities showed initially increasing and then slightly decreasing trends. Geographic characteristics impacted different trajectories. The PC workforce falls behind hospital workforce. The expansion in workload of PH services is unbalanced with that of workforce.

Suggested Citation

  • Shan Lu & Liang Zhang & Niek Klazinga & Dionne Kringos, 2020. "Evolution of the Output–Workforce Relationship in Primary Care Facilities in China from 2009 to 2017," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-18, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:9:p:3043-:d:351095
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Huazhang Li & Kun Liu & Jianjun Gu & Yimin Zhang & Yun Qiao & Xiaoming Sun, 2017. "The development and impact of primary health care in China from 1949 to 2015: A focused review," International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(3), pages 339-350, July.
    2. Xiaohong Li & Christopher Cochran & Jun Lu & Jay Shen & Chao Hao & Ying Wang & Mei Sun & Chengyue Li & Fengshui Chang & Mo Hao, 2015. "Understanding the shortage of village doctors in China and solutions under the policy of basic public health service equalization: evidence from Changzhou," International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(1), pages 42-55, January.
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