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The Toxic Effects of Sulfoxaflor Induced in Earthworms ( Eisenia fetida ) under Effective Concentrations

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  • Xiaolian Zhang

    (Plant Protection Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Xiuguo Wang

    (Plant Protection Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yalei Liu

    (Plant Protection Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, China)

  • Kuan Fang

    (Plant Protection Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, China)

  • Tong Liu

    (Plant Protection Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao 266101, China)

Abstract

Sulfoxaflor is a new kind of neonicotinoid insecticide that is used to control sap-feeding insect pests. In this study, a hazard assessment of sulfoxaflor on soil invertebrate earthworms was performed under effective concentrations. The results showed that different exposure times and doses had significant influence on the toxicity of sulfoxaflor. Sulfoxaflor degraded quickly in artificial soil with a degradation rate of 0.002–0.017 mg/(kg·d) and a half-life of 12.0–15.4 d. At 0.5 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg, the ·OH − content, antioxidant enzyme activeities, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content and 8-OHdG content had significant differences compared to those in the control group. On the 56th day, significant differences were only observed in the Glutathione S-transferase enzyme (GST) activity and 8-OHdG content at 1.0 mg/kg compared to those in the control group due to the degradation of sulfoxaflor. This indicated that the risk of sulfoxaflor to earthworms was reduced because it was easily degraded in soil. However, because sulfoxaflor is a super toxic pollutant to earthworms, high concentrations of sulfoxaflor should not be released into the soil environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaolian Zhang & Xiuguo Wang & Yalei Liu & Kuan Fang & Tong Liu, 2020. "The Toxic Effects of Sulfoxaflor Induced in Earthworms ( Eisenia fetida ) under Effective Concentrations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-14, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:5:p:1740-:d:329635
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yafei Guo & Xiaoping Zhang & Yan Zhang & Donghui Wu & Neil McLaughlin & Shixiu Zhang & Xuewen Chen & Shuxia Jia & Aizhen Liang, 2019. "Temporal Variation of Earthworm Impacts on Soil Organic Carbon under Different Tillage Systems," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-18, May.
    2. Ali Mohamed Elyamine & Mohamed G. Moussa & Marwa A. Ismael & Jia Wei & Yuanyuan Zhao & Yupeng Wu & Chengxiao Hu, 2018. "Earthworms, Rice Straw, and Plant Interactions Change the Organic Connections in Soil and Promote the Decontamination of Cadmium in Soil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-20, October.
    3. Harry Siviter & Mark J. F. Brown & Ellouise Leadbeater, 2018. "Sulfoxaflor exposure reduces bumblebee reproductive success," Nature, Nature, vol. 561(7721), pages 109-112, September.
    4. Ali Mohamed Elyamine & Javaria Afzal & Muhammad Shoaib Rana & Muhammad Imran & Miaomiao Cai & Chengxiao Hu, 2018. "Phenanthrene Mitigates Cadmium Toxicity in Earthworms Eisenia fetida (Epigeic Specie) and Aporrectodea caliginosa (Endogeic Specie) in Soil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-15, October.
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