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Levels and Determinants of Fine Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide in Kitchens Using Biomass and Non-Biomass Fuel for Cooking

Author

Listed:
  • Zafar Fatmi

    (Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, PO Box 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
    MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK)

  • Georgia Ntani

    (MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK)

  • David Coggon

    (MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK)

Abstract

To assist interpretation of a study in rural Pakistan on the use of biomass for cooking and the risk of coronary heart disease, we continuously monitored airborne concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) for up to 48 h in the kitchens of households randomly selected from the parent study. Satisfactory data on PM 2.5 and CO respectively were obtained for 16 and 17 households using biomass, and 19 and 17 using natural gas. Linear regression analysis indicated that in comparison with kitchens using natural gas, daily average PM 2.5 concentrations were substantially higher in kitchens that used biomass in either a chimney stove (mean difference 611, 95% CI: 359, 863 µg/m 3 ) or traditional three-stone stove (mean difference 389, 95% CI: 231, 548 µg/m 3 ). Daily average concentrations of CO were significantly increased when biomass was used in a traditional stove (mean difference from natural gas 3.7, 95% CI: 0.8, 6.7 ppm), but not when it was used in a chimney stove (mean difference −0.8, 95% CI: −4.8, 3.2 ppm). Any impact of smoking by household members was smaller than that of using biomass, and not clearly discernible. In the population studied, cooking with biomass as compared with natural gas should serve as a good proxy for higher personal exposure to PM 2.5 .

Suggested Citation

  • Zafar Fatmi & Georgia Ntani & David Coggon, 2020. "Levels and Determinants of Fine Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide in Kitchens Using Biomass and Non-Biomass Fuel for Cooking," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-10, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:4:p:1287-:d:321637
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    Cited by:

    1. Yryszhan Zhakypbek & Kanay Rysbekov & Vasyl Lozynskyi & Sergey Mikhalovsky & Ruslan Salmurzauly & Yerkezhan Begimzhanova & Gulmira Kezembayeva & Bakhytzhan Yelikbayev & Assel Sankabayeva, 2025. "Geospatial and Correlation Analysis of Heavy Metal Distribution on the Territory of Integrated Steel and Mining Company Qarmet JSC," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-19, August.
    2. Umra Waris & Saira Sarif & Syeda Adila Batool, 2024. "Exploring association and forecasting of evapotranspiration based on meteorological factors over megacity Lahore (Pakistan) and central place of Indo-Gangetic Basin," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(8), pages 20255-20277, August.
    3. Sharnil Pandya & Thippa Reddy Gadekallu & Praveen Kumar Reddy Maddikunta & Rohit Sharma, 2022. "A Study of the Impacts of Air Pollution on the Agricultural Community and Yield Crops (Indian Context)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-17, October.

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