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Inflammatory Markers in Dysmenorrhea and Therapeutic Options

Author

Listed:
  • Zofia Barcikowska

    (Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland)

  • Elżbieta Rajkowska-Labon

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland)

  • Magdalena Emilia Grzybowska

    (Department of Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland)

  • Rita Hansdorfer-Korzon

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland)

  • Katarzyna Zorena

    (Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland)

Abstract

Dysmenorrhea often significantly reduces the quality of women’s life and is still an important public health problem. Despite numerous studies, the pathomechanism of dysmenorrhea is not fully understood. Previous research indicates the complexity of biochemical reactions between the endocrine, vascular, and immune systems. Prostaglandins play a major role in the pathomechanism of dysmenorrhea. In contrast, cytokines and other proinflammatory factors in primary dysmenorrhea are less studied. In addition to the applied pharmacotherapy, more and more studies proving the effectiveness of non-pharmacological methods appear. Therefore, the present work contains a review of the latest research concerning factors involved in dysmenorrhea, as well as therapeutic options. In the literature search, authors used online databases, PubMed, and clinitrials.gov and browsed through individual gynecology, physiotherapy journals and books.

Suggested Citation

  • Zofia Barcikowska & Elżbieta Rajkowska-Labon & Magdalena Emilia Grzybowska & Rita Hansdorfer-Korzon & Katarzyna Zorena, 2020. "Inflammatory Markers in Dysmenorrhea and Therapeutic Options," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-14, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:4:p:1191-:d:320048
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Claudio Costantino & Alessandra Casuccio & Vincenzo Restivo, 2020. "Potential Risks and Factors of Women’s Health Promotion," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-7, December.
    2. Remedios López-Liria & Lucía Torres-Álamo & Francisco A. Vega-Ramírez & Amelia V. García-Luengo & José M. Aguilar-Parra & Rubén Trigueros-Ramos & Patricia Rocamora-Pérez, 2021. "Efficacy of Physiotherapy Treatment in Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-19, July.
    3. Juan Diego Ramos-Pichardo & Ángela María Ortega-Galán & María Teresa Iglesias-López & Ana Abreu-Sánchez & Elia Fernández-Martínez, 2020. "Why Do Some Spanish Nursing Students with Menstrual Pain Fail to Consult Healthcare Professionals?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-14, November.
    4. Elia Fernández-Martínez & Ana Abreu-Sánchez & Jorge Pérez-Corrales & Javier Ruiz-Castillo & Juan Francisco Velarde-García & Domingo Palacios-Ceña, 2020. "Living with Pain and Looking for a Safe Environment: A Qualitative Study among Nursing Students with Dysmenorrhea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-15, September.

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