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Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Author

Listed:
  • Nicola Alessio

    (Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Histology. University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy)

  • Anna Lisa Brigida

    (Italian Group for Studying Autism-GISA, 25018 Brescia, Italy)

  • Gianfranco Peluso

    (Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy, (CNR), via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy)

  • Nicola Antonucci

    (Biomedical Centre for Autism Research and Therapy, 70126 Bari, Italy)

  • Umberto Galderisi

    (Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Histology. University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy)

  • Dario Siniscalco

    (Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Histology. University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
    Centre for Autism—La Forza del Silenzio, 81036 Caserta, Italy)

Abstract

Neurodevelopmental lifelong pathologies defined by problems with social interaction, communication capacity and presence of repetitive/stereotyped clusters of behavior and interests are grouped under the definition of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD prevalence is still increasing, indicating the need to identify specific biomarkers and novel pharmacotherapies. Neuroinflammation and neuro-immune cross-talk dysregulation are specific hallmarks of ASD, offering the possibility of treating these disorders by stem cell therapy. Indeed, cellular strategies have been postulated, proposed and applied to ASD. However, less is known about the molecular action mechanisms of stem cells. As a possibility, the positive and restorative effects mediated by stem cells could be due to their paracrine activity, by which stem cells produce and release several ameliorative and anti-inflammatory molecules. Among the secreted complex tools, exosomes are sub-organelles, enriched by RNA and proteins, that provide cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes could be the mediators of many stem cell-associated therapeutic activities. This review article describes the potential role of exosomes in alleviating ASD symptoms.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicola Alessio & Anna Lisa Brigida & Gianfranco Peluso & Nicola Antonucci & Umberto Galderisi & Dario Siniscalco, 2020. "Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-10, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:3:p:944-:d:316055
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dario Siniscalco & Alessandra Cirillo & James Jeffrey Bradstreet & Nicola Antonucci, 2013. "Epigenetic Findings in Autism: New Perspectives for Therapy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-13, September.
    2. Yalin Zhang & Min Soo Kim & Baosen Jia & Jingqi Yan & Juan Pablo Zuniga-Hertz & Cheng Han & Dongsheng Cai, 2017. "Hypothalamic stem cells control ageing speed partly through exosomal miRNAs," Nature, Nature, vol. 548(7665), pages 52-57, August.
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