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Effect of the Verbal Encouragement on Psychophysiological and Affective Responses during Small-Sided Games

Author

Listed:
  • Hajer Sahli

    (Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia)

  • Okba Selmi

    (Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia)

  • Makrem Zghibi

    (Research Unit, Sportive Performance and Physical Rehabilitation, High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia)

  • Lee Hill

    (Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada)

  • Thomas Rosemann

    (Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland)

  • Beat Knechtle

    (Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
    Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland)

  • Filipe Manuel Clemente

    (Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
    Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal)

Abstract

Verbal encouragement (VE) is considered as external motivation provided by physical education teacher. For this reason, this study aimed to examine the effects of VE on psychophysiological and affective responses during small-sided games (SSG). Sixteen male school students (age: 17.37 ± 0.48 years) completed four sessions of a 4-a-side SSG. Two sessions occurred with VE (SSGE), and two sessions did not include VE (SSGNE). Heart rate was continuously recorded, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate concentration ([La]b) were measured after each training session. Physical enjoyment was assessed after each protocol. Mood state was recorded before and after each training session using the profile of mood-state. HR max, [La]b, RPE, Physical enjoyment, and vigor were higher in SSGE compared to SSGNE (all, p < 0.001). The SSGE and SSGNE resulted in a decreased total mood disturbance (TMD) ( p = 0.001, ES = 0.60; p = 0.04, ES = 0.33, respectively) and tension ( p < 0.001, ES = 0.91; p = 0.004, ES = 0.47, respectively), and the vigor was increased after the SSGE ( p < 0.001, ES = 0.76). SSGE and SSGNE induce similar improvement in TMD and tension. However, SSGE induced higher physiological responses, RPE, enjoyment, and positive mood than SSGNE. Physical education teachers could use VE during specific soccer sessions to improve physical aspects, enjoyment, and mood in participants.

Suggested Citation

  • Hajer Sahli & Okba Selmi & Makrem Zghibi & Lee Hill & Thomas Rosemann & Beat Knechtle & Filipe Manuel Clemente, 2020. "Effect of the Verbal Encouragement on Psychophysiological and Affective Responses during Small-Sided Games," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-11, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:23:p:8884-:d:453362
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Clemente, Filipe Manuel & Afonso, José & Castillo, Daniel & Arcos, Asier Los & Silva, Ana Filipa & Sarmento, Hugo, 2020. "The effects of small-sided soccer games on tactical behavior and collective dynamics: A systematic review," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    2. Manuel Jiménez & Manuel Fernández-Navas & José Ramón Alvero-Cruz & Jerónimo García-Romero & Virginia García-Coll & Iván Rivilla & Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, 2019. "Differences in Psychoneuroendocrine Stress Responses of High-Level Swimmers Depending on Autocratic and Democratic Coaching Style," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Bulent Kilit & Ersan Arslan & Firat Akca & Dicle Aras & Yusuf Soylu & Filipe Manuel Clemente & Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis & Thomas Rosemann & Beat Knechtle, 2019. "Effect of Coach Encouragement on the Psychophysiological and Performance Responses of Young Tennis Players," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-10, September.
    4. Hugo Sarmento & Filipe Manuel Clemente & Liam David Harper & Israel Teoldo da Costa & Adam Owen & António J. Figueiredo, 2018. "Small sided games in soccer – a systematic review," International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(5), pages 693-749, September.
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    1. Zied Ouertatani & Okba Selmi & Santo Marsigliante & Bilel Aydi & Nadhir Hammami & Antonella Muscella, 2022. "Comparison of the Physical, Physiological, and Psychological Responses of the High-Intensity Interval (HIIT) and Small-Sided Games (SSG) Training Programs in Young Elite Soccer Players," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-18, October.
    2. Mohamed Ali Hammami & Maher Guerchi & Okba Selmi & Faten Sehli & Hatem Ghouili & Oana Ancuța Stângaciu & Marius Alin Marinău & Ovidiu Galeru & Dan Iulian Alexe, 2023. "Effect of Verbal Encouragement on Physical Fitness, Technical Skill and Physiological Response during Small-Sided Soccer Games," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-12, February.

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