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Correlation of Pre-Hypertension with Carotid Artery Damage in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Author

Listed:
  • Jinkee Park

    (Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Dong-Ju College, Busan 49318, Korea
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yongseong Na

    (Department of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yunjung Jang

    (Department of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea)

  • Song-Young Park

    (School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA)

  • Hyuntae Park

    (Department of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
    Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea)

Abstract

The intima–media thickness (IMT), luminal diameters (LDs), flow velocities (FVs), compliance, and β-stiffness of the carotid artery (CA) are considered as independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Pre-hypertension (PHT) is also an independent CVD risk factor. This study investigated the association between CA damage (CAD) and PHT. A total of 544 adults participated; their blood pressures (BPs) and CA characteristics were measured using a mercury-free sphygmomanometer and ultrasound. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to assess the differences in the CA characteristics according to the BPs, multinomial logistic regression to evaluate the risk of CAD associated with PHT. In ANCOVA, the CA characteristics of PHT were significantly different from normotensive. The odds ratios (ORs) of IMTmax, LDmax, LDmin, peak-systolic FV (PFV), end-diastolic FV (EFV), PFV/LDmin, EFV/LDmax, compliance, and β-stiffness of PHT were 4.20, 2.70, 3.52, 2.41, 3.06, 3.55, 3.29, 2.02, and 1.84 times higher than those of the normotensive, respectively, in Model 2. In Model 3 adjusted for age, the ORs of LDmax, LDmin, EFV, PFV/LDmin, and EFV/LDmax of PHT were 2.10, 2.55, 1.96, 2.20, and 2.04 times higher than those of the normotensive, respectively. Therefore, the present study revealed that CAD is closely correlated with pre-hypertensive status in adults.

Suggested Citation

  • Jinkee Park & Yongseong Na & Yunjung Jang & Song-Young Park & Hyuntae Park, 2020. "Correlation of Pre-Hypertension with Carotid Artery Damage in Middle-Aged and Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-13, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:20:p:7686-:d:432500
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