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Applying the WHO ICF Framework to the Outcome Measures Used in the Evaluation of Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Coronavirus Outbreaks

Author

Listed:
  • Kajal Patel

    (School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PG, UK
    Division of Neurosciences and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK)

  • Sofia Straudi

    (Neuroscience and Rehabilitation Department, Ferrara University Hospital, 44100 Ferrara, Italy)

  • Ng Yee Sien

    (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore)

  • Nora Fayed

    (School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen’s University, Louise D. Acton Building, 31 George Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada)

  • John L. Melvin

    (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA)

  • Manoj Sivan

    (Division of Neurosciences and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
    Academic Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK)

Abstract

(1) Objective: The World Health Organization’s (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) classification is a unified framework for the description of health and health-related states. This study aimed to use the ICF framework to classify outcome measures used in follow-up studies of coronavirus outbreaks and make recommendations for future studies. (2) Methods: EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO were systematically searched for original studies assessing clinical outcomes in adult survivors of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS), middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) after hospital discharge. Individual items of the identified outcome measures were linked to ICF second-level and third-level categories using ICF linking rules and categorized according to an ICF component. (3) Results: In total, 33 outcome measures were identified from 36 studies. Commonly used (a) ICF body function measures were Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT), Impact of event scale (IES-R) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); (b) ICF activity was 6-Minute Walking Distance (6MWD); (c) ICF participation measures included Short Form-36 (SF-36) and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). ICF environmental factors and personal factors were rarely measured. (4) Conclusions: We recommend future COVID-19 follow-up studies to use the ICF framework to select a combination of outcome measures that capture all the components for a better understanding of the impact on survivors and planning interventions to maximize functional return.

Suggested Citation

  • Kajal Patel & Sofia Straudi & Ng Yee Sien & Nora Fayed & John L. Melvin & Manoj Sivan, 2020. "Applying the WHO ICF Framework to the Outcome Measures Used in the Evaluation of Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Coronavirus Outbreaks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:18:p:6476-:d:409422
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Monica Pinto & Francesca Gimigliano & Stefania De Simone & Massimo Costa & Attilio A. M. Bianchi & Giovanni Iolascon, 2020. "Post-Acute COVID-19 Rehabilitation Network Proposal: From Intensive to Extensive and Home-Based IT Supported Services," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Alexandra C. Larsson & Marie Engwall & Annie Palstam & Hanna C. Persson, 2022. "Self-Assessed Aspects of Health 3 Months after COVID-19 Hospitalization—A Swedish Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-11, June.
    3. Gabriele Gäbler & Deborah Lycett & Walter Gall, 2022. "Integrating a New Dietetic Care Process in a Health Information System: A System and Process Analysis and Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-14, February.
    4. Alexandra C. Larsson & Annie Palstam & Hanna C. Persson, 2021. "Physical Function, Cognitive Function, and Daily Activities in Patients Hospitalized Due to COVID-19: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study in Sweden," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-10, November.

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