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An Electromyographic Analysis of Lateral Raise Variations and Frontal Raise in Competitive Bodybuilders

Author

Listed:
  • Giuseppe Coratella

    (Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy)

  • Gianpaolo Tornatore

    (Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy)

  • Stefano Longo

    (Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy)

  • Fabio Esposito

    (Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
    IRCSS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, 20161 Milano, Italy)

  • Emiliano Cè

    (Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
    IRCSS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, 20161 Milano, Italy)

Abstract

The present study examined the muscle activation in lateral raise with humerus rotated externally (LR-external), neutrally (LR-neutral), internally (LR-internal), with flexed elbow (LR-flexed) and frontal raise during both the concentric and eccentric phase. Ten competitive bodybuilders performed the exercises. Normalized surface electromyographic root mean square (sEMG RMS) was obtained from anterior , medial , and posterior deltoid , pectoralis major , upper trapezius , and triceps brachii . During the concentric phase, anterior deltoid and posterior deltoid showed greater sEMG RMS in frontal raise (effect size (ES)-range: 1.78/9.25)) and LR-internal (ES-range: 10.79/21.34), respectively, vs. all other exercises. Medial deltoid showed greater sEMG RMS in LR-neutral than LR-external (ES: 1.47 (95% confidence-interval—CI: 0.43/2.38)), frontal raise (ES: 10.28(95% CI: 6.67/13.01)), and LR-flexed (ES: 6.41(95% CI: 4.04/8.23)). Pectoralis major showed greater sEMG RMS in frontal raise vs. all other exercises (ES-range: 17.2/29.5), while upper trapezius (ES-range: 2.66/7.18) and triceps brachii (ES-range: 0.41/3.31) showed greater sEMG RMS in LR-internal vs. all other exercises. Similar recruitment patterns were found during the eccentric phase. When humerus rotates internally, greater activation of posterior deltoid , triceps brachii , and upper trapezius occurs. Humerus external rotation increases the activation of anterior and medial deltoid. Frontal raise mainly activates anterior deltoid and pectoralis major . LR variations and frontal raise activate specifically shoulders muscles and should be proposed accordingly.

Suggested Citation

  • Giuseppe Coratella & Gianpaolo Tornatore & Stefano Longo & Fabio Esposito & Emiliano Cè, 2020. "An Electromyographic Analysis of Lateral Raise Variations and Frontal Raise in Competitive Bodybuilders," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-12, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:17:p:6015-:d:400749
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Giuseppe Coratella & Gianpaolo Tornatore & Francesca Caccavale & Stefano Longo & Fabio Esposito & Emiliano Cè, 2021. "The Activation of Gluteal, Thigh, and Lower Back Muscles in Different Squat Variations Performed by Competitive Bodybuilders: Implications for Resistance Training," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-11, January.
    2. Giuseppe Coratella & Gianpaolo Tornatore & Stefano Longo & Fabio Esposito & Emiliano Cè, 2022. "An Electromyographic Analysis of Romanian, Step-Romanian, and Stiff-Leg Deadlift: Implication for Resistance Training," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-9, February.

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