IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i14p5122-d384993.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Light Cigarette Smoking Increases Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Findings from the NHIS Cohort Study

Author

Listed:
  • Wen Qin

    (Shandong University Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China)

  • Costan G. Magnussen

    (Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Australia
    Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland)

  • Shengxu Li

    (Children’s Minnesota Research Institute, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA)

  • Lyn M Steffen

    (Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA)

  • Bo Xi

    (Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China)

  • Min Zhao

    (Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China)

Abstract

Very few studies have examined the association between light cigarette smoking (i.e., ≤5 cigarettes per day) and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the association of light cigarette smoking with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among adults in the United States. Data were from 13 waves of the National Health Interview Survey (1997 to 2009) that were linked to the National Death Index records through December 31, 2011. A total of 329,035 participants aged ≥18 years in the United States were included. Deaths were from all cause, cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and respiratory disease and were confirmed by death certification. During a median follow-up of 8.2 years, 34,862 participants died, of which 8415 were from cancer, 9031 from CVD, and 2040 from respiratory disease. Compared with never-smokers, participants who smoked 1–2 (hazard ratios (HR) = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.73–2.16) and 3–5 cigarettes (HR = 1.99, 1.83–2.17) per day were at higher risk of all-cause mortality after adjustment for demographic variables, lifestyle factors and physician-diagnosis of chronic disease. The associations were stronger for respiratory disease-specific mortality, followed by cancer-specific mortality and CVD-specific mortality. For example, the HRs (95% CIs) of smoking 1–2 cigarettes per day were 9.75 (6.15–15.46), 2.28 (1.84–2.84) and 1.93 (1.58–2.36), respectively, for these three cause-specific mortalities. This study indicates that light cigarette smoking increases risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in US adults.

Suggested Citation

  • Wen Qin & Costan G. Magnussen & Shengxu Li & Lyn M Steffen & Bo Xi & Min Zhao, 2020. "Light Cigarette Smoking Increases Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Findings from the NHIS Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-12, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:14:p:5122-:d:384993
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/14/5122/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/14/5122/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:14:p:5122-:d:384993. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.