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Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals under Different Land Use in a Typical Estuary Alluvial Island

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  • Ting Sun

    (Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)

  • Jingling Huang

    (Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)

  • Yuying Wu

    (Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)

  • Yuan Yuan

    (Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)

  • Yujing Xie

    (Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)

  • Zhengqiu Fan

    (Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)

  • Zhijian Zheng

    (Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China)

Abstract

Understanding the environmental risks of soil heavy metals (HMs) and identifying their main sources are the essential prerequisites for the prevention and management of soil pollution. Based on a detailed survey of soil HMs (Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Hg) from different land use types (including agricultural land, construction land, wetland, and forest land) in an estuary alluvial island, the environmental risk and source apportionment of soil HMs were investigated. Altogether, 117 soil samples were taken in the study area to appraise the soil HMs environmental risk by using the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk index (RI), and human health risk assessment (HRA) and to identify its main sources by using positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The average concentrations of soil HMs (except As) surpassed their reference background values in China. There were no significant differenced in the mean concentrations of HMs in different land use types, except that the Hg concentration in the construction land was significantly higher than that in others. The results of Igeo showed that Cd pollution was unpolluted to moderately polluted, and that the others were unpolluted. The potential ecological risk level for Cd and Hg was “moderated potential risk”, while for Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb and As was “low potential risk”. Higher contamination was distributed at the west-central area. The results of the HRA indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk and the carcinogenic risk that human beings suffered from HMs in different land uses were insignificant. To more accurately identify the sources of soil HMs, the PMF model coupled with the GIS-spatial analysis was applied. The results showed that agricultural activities, natural source, industrial discharge and river transportation, and atmosphere deposition were the main determining factors for the accumulation of soil HMs in the study area, with the contribution rate of 24.25%, 23.79%, 23.84%, and 28.12%, respectively. The study provides an underlying insight needed to control of the soil HM pollutions for an estuary alluvial island.

Suggested Citation

  • Ting Sun & Jingling Huang & Yuying Wu & Yuan Yuan & Yujing Xie & Zhengqiu Fan & Zhijian Zheng, 2020. "Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals under Different Land Use in a Typical Estuary Alluvial Island," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-20, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:13:p:4841-:d:380584
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. ZHENG,Huanqiang & ZHANG,Zaiwang & ZHANG,Chenxi, 2018. "Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals Cu and Zn in Coastal Wetland Sediments," Asian Agricultural Research, USA-China Science and Culture Media Corporation, vol. 10(01), January.
    2. Tao, Yu & Wang, Hongning & Ou, Weixin & Guo, Jie, 2018. "A land-cover-based approach to assessing ecosystem services supply and demand dynamics in the rapidly urbanizing Yangtze River Delta region," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 250-258.
    3. Dongyue Li & Yilan Liao, 2018. "Spatial Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Street Dust of Coal Railway Transportation Hubs: A Case Study in Yuanping, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-21, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiaoqian Li & Yaning Tang & Xinghua Wang & Xiaodong Song & Jiaxue Yang, 2023. "Heavy Metals in Soil around a Typical Antimony Mine Area of China: Pollution Characteristics, Land Cover Influence and Source Identification," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Zhihong Wang & Yingle Chen & Song Wang & Yujuan Yu & Wenyan Huang & Qiaolin Xu & Lei Zeng, 2022. "Pollution Risk Assessment and Sources Analysis of Heavy Metal in Soil from Bamboo Shoots," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-19, November.
    3. Liang Xiao & Yong Zhou & He Huang & Yu-Jie Liu & Ke Li & Meng-Yao Li & Yang Tian & Fei Wu, 2020. "Application of Geostatistical Analysis and Random Forest for Source Analysis and Human Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Arable Land Soil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-19, December.
    4. Wenbing Luo & Zhongping Deng & Shihu Zhong & Mingjun Deng, 2022. "Trends, Issues and Future Directions of Urban Health Impact Assessment Research: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-23, May.
    5. Halidan Asaiduli & Abdugheni Abliz & Abudukeyimu Abulizi & Xiaoli Sun & Panqing Ye, 2023. "Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risks in Different Functional Areas on the Northern Slope of the Eastern Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, NW China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-18, March.

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