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Pacing in World-Class Age Group Swimmers in 100 and 200 m Freestyle, Backstroke, Breaststroke, and Butterfly

Author

Listed:
  • Cathia Moser

    (Balgrist University Hospital, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland)

  • Caio Victor Sousa

    (Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA)

  • Rafael Reis Olher

    (Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF 72445-020, Brazil)

  • Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis

    (Exercise Physiology Laboratory, 18450 Nikaia, Greece
    School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece)

  • Beat Knechtle

    (Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
    Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland)

Abstract

Pacing in swimming has been investigated in pool swimming for elite-standard and age group freestyle swimmers, but little is known about pacing in age group swimmers competing at world class level in backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly. The aim of this study was to investigate pacing for age group swimmers competing at world class level in 100 and 200 m in the four single disciplines (freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly). Data on 18,187 unique finishers competing in four FINA Master World Championships between 2014 and 2019 were analyzed. The sample included 3334 women and 14,853 men. Swimming speed decreased with increasing age ( p < 0.05). Freestyle was the fastest and breaststroke the slowest ( p < 0.05) stroke. Women and men were faster in 100 m ( p < 0.05) than in 200 m. Backstroke was the stroke with the lowest and butterfly with the highest coefficient of variation in swimming speed. One hundred meters had a higher coefficient of variation in swimming speed than breaststroke ( p < 0.05). For 100 m, swimming speed decreased for all strokes and all age groups during the second lap. For 200 m, swimming speed was the fastest for all strokes and all age groups during the first lap. In summary, the FINA World Masters Championships presented the unique characteristic that, when all competitors were considered, (i) swimming speed decreased with increasing age, (ii) women and men were faster in 100 m than in 200 m, (iii) freestyle was the fastest stroke and (iv) the largest increase in swimming time for 100 m all strokes and all age groups occurred during the second (out of two) lap and for 200 m, swimming speed was the fastest for all strokes and age groups during the first lap. These findings should help coaches to develop age- and event-tailored pacing strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Cathia Moser & Caio Victor Sousa & Rafael Reis Olher & Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis & Beat Knechtle, 2020. "Pacing in World-Class Age Group Swimmers in 100 and 200 m Freestyle, Backstroke, Breaststroke, and Butterfly," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-10, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:11:p:3875-:d:365006
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Benjamin Holfelder & Niklas Brown & Dieter Bubeck, 2013. "The Influence of Sex, Stroke and Distance on the Lactate Characteristics in High Performance Swimming," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(10), pages 1-11, October.
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