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Biomarker Effects in Carassius auratus Exposure to Ofloxacin, Sulfamethoxazole and Ibuprofen

Author

Listed:
  • Xiaofan Yang

    (College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 24100, China)

  • Xiaoping Xu

    (College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 24100, China)

  • Xueyu Wei

    (College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 24100, China)

  • Jie Wan

    (College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 24100, China)

  • Yu Zhang

    (College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 24100, China)

Abstract

Ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen are three commonly used drugs which can be detected in aquatic environments. To assess their ecotoxicity, the effects of these three pharmaceuticals and their mixture on AChE (acetylcholinesterase) activity in the brain, and EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) activities in the liver of the freshwater crucian carp Carassius auratus were tested after exposure for 1, 2, 4 and 7 days. The results showed that treatments with 0.002–0.01 mg/L ofloxacin and 0.0008–0.004 mg/L sulfamethoxazole did not significantly change AChE, EROD and SOD activities. AChE activity was significantly inhibited in response to treatment with >0.05mg/L ofloxacin and >0.02 mg/L sulfamethoxazole. All three biomarkers were induced significantly in treatments with ibuprofen and the mixture of the three pharmaceuticals at all the tested concentrations. The combined effects of ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen were compared with their isolated effects on the three biomarkers, and the results indicated that exposure to ibuprofen and the mixture at environmentally relevant concentrations could trigger adverse impacts on Carassius auratus . The hazard quotient (HQ) index also demonstrated a high risk for ibuprofen. Moreover, the present study showed that the effects of ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and ibuprofen might be additive on the physiological indices of Carassius auratus .

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaofan Yang & Xiaoping Xu & Xueyu Wei & Jie Wan & Yu Zhang, 2019. "Biomarker Effects in Carassius auratus Exposure to Ofloxacin, Sulfamethoxazole and Ibuprofen," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-12, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:9:p:1628-:d:229794
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