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Seasonal Characteristics of the Chemical Composition of Fine Particles in Residences of Nanjing, China

Author

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  • Guozhi Cao

    (State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
    State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China)

  • Jun Bi

    (State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
    Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Zongwei Ma

    (State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
    Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Zhijuan Shao

    (State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China)

  • Jinnan Wang

    (State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
    State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China)

Abstract

Indoor fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and its chemical composition is important for human exposure as people spend most of their time indoors. However, few studies have investigated the multiseasonal characteristics of indoor PM 2.5 and its chemical composition in China. In this study, the chemical composition of PM 2.5 samples in residences was analyzed over four seasons in Nanjing, China. Indoor water-soluble ions exhibited similar seasonal variations (winter > autumn > summer > spring) to those from outdoors (winter > autumn > spring > summer) except in summer. Whereas, indoor metallic elements exhibited a different seasonal pattern from that of outdoors. The highest concentrations of indoor metallic elements were observed in summer when the outdoor concentrations were low. The different seasonal variations of the chemical composition between indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 indicated that people should consider both indoor and outdoor sources to reduce their exposure to air pollutants in different seasons. The carcinogenic risks for metallic elements were within the acceptable levels, while manganese (Mn) was found to have potential noncarcinogenic risk to humans. More attention should be paid to the pollution of Mn in the study area in the future. Moreover, the cumulative effect of noncarcinogenic PM 2.5 -bound elements should not be ignored.

Suggested Citation

  • Guozhi Cao & Jun Bi & Zongwei Ma & Zhijuan Shao & Jinnan Wang, 2019. "Seasonal Characteristics of the Chemical Composition of Fine Particles in Residences of Nanjing, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:6:p:1066-:d:216885
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xiaofeng Wang & Shengliang He & Shuchang Chen & Yongli Zhang & Aihong Wang & Jinbin Luo & Xialiang Ye & Zhe Mo & Lizhi Wu & Peiwei Xu & Gaofeng Cai & Zhijian Chen & Xiaoming Lou, 2018. "Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM 2.5 in Zhejiang Province," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-18, March.
    2. Yibing Yang & Liu Liu & Chunyu Xu & Na Li & Zhe Liu & Qin Wang & Dongqun Xu, 2018. "Source Apportionment and Influencing Factor Analysis of Residential Indoor PM 2.5 in Beijing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-19, April.
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