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Human Health Risk Assessment for Toxic Trace Elements in the Yaro Mine and Reclamation Options

Author

Listed:
  • Min-Suk Kim

    (O-Jeong Eco Resilience Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea)

  • Mi Jeong Park

    (Technical Research Institute, Mine Reclamation Corporation, Wonju 26464, Korea)

  • Jeong Hwa Yang

    (Technical Research Institute, Mine Reclamation Corporation, Wonju 26464, Korea)

  • Sang-Hwan Lee

    (Technical Research Institute, Mine Reclamation Corporation, Wonju 26464, Korea)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the environmental impact and human health risks associated with toxic trace element (TTE) exposure in the abandoned Yaro Mine, Korea. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were assessed separately for adults and children. Among the various pathways, the rate of TTE intake from the ingestion of groundwater was highest, followed in descending order by crop consumption, soil ingestion, and soil contact. The carcinogenic risk from the ingestion of groundwater was highest, followed by crop consumption and ingestion of contaminated surface soil. The non-carcinogenic risk from the ingestion of groundwater was highest (53.57% of the total non-carcinogenic risk), followed by crop intake (38.53%) and surface soil ingestion (4.80%). The risk assessment revealed that contaminated soil around Yaro mine posed a high risk to the health of inhabitants, mainly via groundwater ingestion and crop consumption. Reclamation measures should include methods of disrupting the high-risk routes between the source and recipient. Stabilization and covering techniques are promising options for reducing the hazard (i.e., exposure to the bioavailable fraction of TTE) and creating a chemical or physicochemical barrier to the potential migration pathways.

Suggested Citation

  • Min-Suk Kim & Mi Jeong Park & Jeong Hwa Yang & Sang-Hwan Lee, 2019. "Human Health Risk Assessment for Toxic Trace Elements in the Yaro Mine and Reclamation Options," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:24:p:5077-:d:297239
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    Cited by:

    1. Agatha Anak Sibuar & Nur Syahirah Zulkafflee & Jinap Selamat & Mohd Razi Ismail & Soo Yee Lee & Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis, 2022. "Quantitative Analysis and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Plants Collected from Perak, Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-19, January.
    2. Mushtaq Ahmad & Jing Chen & Qing Yu & Muhammad Tariq Khan & Syed Weqas Ali & Asim Nawab & Worradorn Phairuang & Sirima Panyametheekul, 2023. "Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFRs) of PM 2.5 in Lahore, Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, January.

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