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Salmonella in Retail Food and Wild Birds in Singapore—Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Sequence Types

Author

Listed:
  • Kyaw Thu Aung

    (Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore
    Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), Singapore 637459, Singapore
    School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
    School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore)

  • Hong Jun Chen

    (Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore)

  • Man Ling Chau

    (Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore
    National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore 718837, Singapore)

  • Grace Yap

    (Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore)

  • Xiao Fang Lim

    (Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore)

  • Mahathir Humaidi

    (Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore)

  • Cliff Chua

    (Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore)

  • Gladys Yeo

    (Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore)

  • Hooi Ming Yap

    (Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore)

  • Jia Quan Oh

    (Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore
    National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore 718837, Singapore)

  • Vijitha Manogaran

    (Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore
    National Centre for Food Science, Singapore Food Agency, Singapore 718837, Singapore)

  • Hapuarachchige Chanditha Hapuarachchi

    (Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore)

  • Matthias Maiwald

    (Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
    Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore)

  • Nancy Wen Sim Tee

    (Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore)

  • Timothy Barkham

    (Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore)

  • Tse Hsien Koh

    (Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856, Singapore)

  • Ramona Alikiiteaga Gutiérrez

    (Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore
    National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore 308442, Singapore)

  • Jorgen Schlundt

    (Nanyang Technological University Food Technology Centre (NAFTEC), Singapore 637459, Singapore
    School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore)

  • Lee Ching Ng

    (Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore
    School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore)

Abstract

Non-typhoidal salmonellosis is a leading cause of foodborne zoonosis. To better understand the epidemiology of human salmonellosis, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and sequence types of Salmonella in retail food and wild birds (proximity to humans) in Singapore. We analyzed 21,428 cooked and ready-to-eat food and 1,510 residual faecal samples of wild birds collected during 2010–2015. Thirty-two Salmonella isolates from food and wild birds were subjected to disc diffusion and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Salmonella was isolated from 0.08% (17/21,428) of food and 0.99% (15/1510) of wild birds. None of the isolates from wild birds ( n = 15) exhibited phenotypic resistance, while the isolates from food (47.1%, 8/17) showed a high prevalence of phenotypic resistance to, at least, one antimicrobial. These findings suggested that the avian Salmonella isolates had been subjected to less antimicrobial selection pressure than those from food samples. MLST revealed specific sequence types found in both food and wild birds. The study can guide future studies with whole-genome analysis on a larger number of isolates from various sectors for public health measures.

Suggested Citation

  • Kyaw Thu Aung & Hong Jun Chen & Man Ling Chau & Grace Yap & Xiao Fang Lim & Mahathir Humaidi & Cliff Chua & Gladys Yeo & Hooi Ming Yap & Jia Quan Oh & Vijitha Manogaran & Hapuarachchige Chanditha Hapu, 2019. "Salmonella in Retail Food and Wild Birds in Singapore—Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Sequence Types," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-12, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:21:p:4235-:d:282295
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kyaw Thu Aung & Wei Ching Khor & Sophie Octavia & Agnes Ye & Justina Leo & Pei Pei Chan & Georgina Lim & Wai Kwan Wong & Brian Zi Yan Tan & Joergen Schlundt & Anders Dalsgaard & Lee Ching Ng & Yueh Nu, 2020. "Distribution of Salmonella Serovars in Humans, Foods, Farm Animals and Environment, Companion and Wildlife Animals in Singapore," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-13, August.
    2. Kar Hui Ong & Wei Ching Khor & Jing Yi Quek & Zi Xi Low & Sathish Arivalan & Mahathir Humaidi & Cliff Chua & Kelyn L. G. Seow & Siyao Guo & Moon Y. F. Tay & Joergen Schlundt & Lee Ching Ng & Kyaw Thu , 2020. "Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance Traits of Escherichia coli from Wild Birds and Rodents in Singapore," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-17, August.
    3. Anna Łepecka & Dorota Zielińska & Piotr Szymański & Izabela Buras & Danuta Kołożyn-Krajewska, 2022. "Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Ready-to-Eat Salads—Are There Any Reasons for Concern about Public Health?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-13, January.
    4. Kyaw Thu Aung & Wei Ching Khor & Kar Hui Ong & Wei Ling Tan & Zhi Ning Wong & Jia Quan Oh & Wai Kwan Wong & Brian Zi Yan Tan & Matthias Maiwald & Nancy Wen Sim Tee & Timothy Barkham & Tse Hsien Koh & , 2022. "Characterisation of Salmonella Enteritidis ST11 and ST1925 Associated with Human Intestinal and Extra-Intestinal Infections in Singapore," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-14, May.

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