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In Vitro Consequences of Electronic-Cigarette Flavoring Exposure on the Immature Lung

Author

Listed:
  • Sara K. Berkelhamer

    (Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA)

  • Justin M. Helman

    (Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA)

  • Sylvia F. Gugino

    (Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA)

  • Noel J. Leigh

    (Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA)

  • Satyan Lakshminrusimha

    (Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA)

  • Maciej L. Goniewicz

    (Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA)

Abstract

Background: The developing lung is uniquely susceptible and may be at increased risk of injury with exposure to e-cigarette constituents. We hypothesize that cellular toxicity and airway and vascular responses with exposure to flavored refill solutions may be altered in the immature lung. Methods: Fetal, neonatal, and adult ovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) were exposed to popular flavored nicotine-free e-cigarette refill solutions (menthol, strawberry, tobacco, and vanilla) and unflavored solvents: propylene glycol (PG) or vegetable glycerin (VG). Viability was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Brochodilation and vasoreactivity were determined on isolated ovine bronchial rings (BR) and pulmonary arteries (PA). Results: Neither PG or VG impacted viability of immature or adult cells; however, exposure to menthol and strawberry flavored solutions increased cell death. Neonatal cells were uniquely susceptible to menthol flavoring-induced toxicity, and all four flavorings demonstrated lower lethal doses (LD50) in immature PASMC. Exposure to flavored solutions induced bronchodilation of neonatal BR, while only menthol induced airway relaxation in adults. In contrast, PG/VG and flavored solutions did not impact vasoreactivity with the exception of menthol-induced relaxation of adult PAs. Conclusion: The immature lung is uniquely susceptible to cellular toxicity and altered airway responses with exposure to common flavored e-cigarette solutions.

Suggested Citation

  • Sara K. Berkelhamer & Justin M. Helman & Sylvia F. Gugino & Noel J. Leigh & Satyan Lakshminrusimha & Maciej L. Goniewicz, 2019. "In Vitro Consequences of Electronic-Cigarette Flavoring Exposure on the Immature Lung," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:19:p:3635-:d:271442
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lei Wang & Yongcheng Zhan & Qiudan Li & Daniel D. Zeng & Scott J. Leischow & Janet Okamoto, 2015. "An Examination of Electronic Cigarette Content on Social Media: Analysis of E-Cigarette Flavor Content on Reddit," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-20, November.
    2. Manoj Misra & Robert D. Leverette & Bethany T. Cooper & Melanee B. Bennett & Steven E. Brown, 2014. "Comparative In Vitro Toxicity Profile of Electronic and Tobacco Cigarettes, Smokeless Tobacco and Nicotine Replacement Therapy Products: E-Liquids, Extracts and Collected Aerosols," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-23, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alexandra Noël & Arpita Ghosh, 2022. "Carbonyl Profiles of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Aerosols Reflect Both the Chemical Composition and the Numbers of E-Liquid Ingredients–Focus on the In Vitro Toxicity of Strawberry and ," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-18, December.

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