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Spatial Clusters of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate and Their Association with Polluted Zones in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area

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Listed:
  • Francisco Manuel Gasca-Sanchez

    (Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico)

  • Jesus Santos-Guzman

    (Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico)

  • Ricardo Elizondo-Dueñaz

    (Casa Azul, A.C. San Pedro Garza Garcia 66230, Mexico)

  • Gerardo Manuel Mejia-Velazquez

    (Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias. Monterrey 64849, Mexico)

  • Cecilia Ruiz-Pacheco

    (Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico)

  • Deborah Reyes-Rodriguez

    (Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico)

  • Elsie Vazquez-Camacho

    (Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico)

  • José Ascencion Hernandez-Hernandez

    (Casa Azul, A.C. San Pedro Garza Garcia 66230, Mexico)

  • Rosa del Carmen Lopez-Sanchez

    (Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico)

  • Rocio Ortiz-Lopez

    (Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico)

  • Daniel Olvera-Posada

    (Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico)

  • Augusto Rojas-Martinez

    (Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Monterrey 64710, Mexico)

Abstract

This study examines the spatial structure of children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and its association with polluted areas in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA). The Nearest Neighbor Index (NNI) and the Spatial Statistical Scan (SaTScan) determined that the CLP cases are agglomerated in spatial clusters distributed in different areas of the city, some of them grouping up to 12 cases of CLP in a radius of 1.2 km. The application of the interpolation by empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) and the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method showed that 95% of the cases have a spatial interaction with values of particulate matter (PM 10 ) of more than 50 points. The study also shows that 83% of the cases interacted with around 2000 annual tons of greenhouse gases. This study may contribute to other investigations applying techniques for the identification of environmental and genetic factors possibly associated with congenital malformations and for determining the influence of contaminating substances in the incidence of these diseases, particularly CLP.

Suggested Citation

  • Francisco Manuel Gasca-Sanchez & Jesus Santos-Guzman & Ricardo Elizondo-Dueñaz & Gerardo Manuel Mejia-Velazquez & Cecilia Ruiz-Pacheco & Deborah Reyes-Rodriguez & Elsie Vazquez-Camacho & José Ascencio, 2019. "Spatial Clusters of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate and Their Association with Polluted Zones in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-22, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:14:p:2488-:d:247846
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Liqian Sun & Yue Chen & Henry Lynn & Qizhi Wang & Shiqing Zhang & Rui Li & Congcong Xia & Qingwu Jiang & Yi Hu & Fenghua Gao & Zhijie Zhang, 2015. "Identifying Spatial Clusters of Schistosomiasis in Anhui Province of China: A Study from the Perspective of Application," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-14, September.
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