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Vitamin D 3 Supplementation Reduces the Symptoms of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection during Winter Training in Vitamin D-Insufficient Taekwondo Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

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  • Hyun Chul Jung

    (Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe, LA 71209, USA)

  • Myong-Won Seo

    (Department of Taekwondo, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea)

  • Sukho Lee

    (Department of Counseling, Health, and Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, TX 78224, USA)

  • Sung Woo Kim

    (Department of Taekwondo, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea)

  • Jong Kook Song

    (Department of Taekwondo, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea)

Abstract

Vitamin D insufficiency may be associated with increased risk of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in athletes. This study examined the effects of vitamin D 3 supplementation on salivary immune functions and symptoms of URTI in vitamin D-insufficient taekwondo athletes. Twenty-five male taekwondo athletes, aged 19–22 years with vitamin D insufficiency [serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D concentrations (25(OH)D, 31.3 ± 1.39 nmol/L)], participated in this study. They were randomized to receive 5000 IU/day of vitamin D 3 ( n = 13) or placebo capsule ( n = 12) during 4 weeks of winter training. Blood samples were collected two times (pre- and post-tests) for analyzing serum 25(OH)D concentration while salivary samples were obtained three times (pre-, mid-, and post-tests) for secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and lactoferrin analyses. The symptoms of URTI were reported daily during the intervention. Serum 25(OH)D concentration significantly increased by 255.6% in the vitamin D group, whereas in the placebo group it did not change ( p < 0.001). While the significant increase in SIgA was observed in both groups ( p < 0.001), elevated salivary lactoferrin level in response to winter training was found only in the placebo group ( p = 0.011). The change in serum 25(OH)D concentration was negatively associated with total URTI symptoms ( r = −0.435, p = 0.015). Vitamin D 3 supplementation may be effective in reducing the symptoms of URTI during winter training in vitamin D-insufficient taekwondo athletes.

Suggested Citation

  • Hyun Chul Jung & Myong-Won Seo & Sukho Lee & Sung Woo Kim & Jong Kook Song, 2018. "Vitamin D 3 Supplementation Reduces the Symptoms of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection during Winter Training in Vitamin D-Insufficient Taekwondo Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-12, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:9:p:2003-:d:169765
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. David Scott & Peter R. Ebeling, 2019. "Vitamin D and Public Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-3, March.
    2. Kenya Moore & Nancy A. Uriegas & Jessica Pia & Dawn M. Emerson & Kelly Pritchett & Toni M. Torres-McGehee, 2023. "Examination of the Cumulative Risk Assessment and Nutritional Profiles among College Ballet Dancers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-14, February.
    3. Hossein Miraftabi & Zahra Avazpoor & Erfan Berjisian & Amir Sarshin & Sajjad Rezaei & Raúl Domínguez & Reid Reale & Emerson Franchini & Mohammad Hossein Samanipour & Majid S. Koozehchian & Mark E. T. , 2021. "Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Aerobic and Anaerobic Performances of Trained Male Taekwondo Athletes: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-17, September.
    4. Myong-Won Seo & Jong Kook Song & Hyun Chul Jung & Sung-Woo Kim & Jung-Hyun Kim & Jung-Min Lee, 2019. "The Associations of Vitamin D Status with Athletic Performance and Blood-borne Markers in Adolescent Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-13, September.

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