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Is a Water Content of 60% Maximum Water Holding Capacity Suitable for Folsomia candida Reproduction Tests? A Study with Silver Nanoparticles and AgNO 3

Author

Listed:
  • Moira S. McKee

    (University of Bremen, UFT, FB02, General and Theoretical Ecology, Leobener Str. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany)

  • Amelia Megía Guerrero

    (University of Bremen, UFT, FB02, General and Theoretical Ecology, Leobener Str. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
    Present address: Department Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, 21033 Hamburg, Germany)

  • Juliane Filser

    (University of Bremen, UFT, FB02, General and Theoretical Ecology, Leobener Str. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany)

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are increasingly emitted to the environment due to a rise in application in various products; therefore, assessment of their potential risks for biota is important. In this study the effects of AgNP at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.6–375 µg kg −1 soil) on the soil invertebrate Folsomia candida in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) soil was examined at different soil water contents. Animals were retrieved by heat extraction, which had an efficiency of about 90% compared with the floatation method. The tested water content range is set by OECD Guideline 232 (40–60% of the maximum water holding capacity, WHC), and we detected significant differences in toxicity due to these. With AgNO 3 , used as an ionic control, the number of juveniles significantly decreased only at 40% WHC, which might be due to dilution of the toxicant at higher soil water content. In turn, at 60% WHC, the reproduction of F. candida significantly increased in the presence of AgNP compared with in the control. However, at this water content, the required number of juveniles in the control treatment was not reached in three independent tests. The fact that the OECD validity criterion is not met indicates that the soil conditions are not suitable for reproduction at 60% WHC.

Suggested Citation

  • Moira S. McKee & Amelia Megía Guerrero & Juliane Filser, 2018. "Is a Water Content of 60% Maximum Water Holding Capacity Suitable for Folsomia candida Reproduction Tests? A Study with Silver Nanoparticles and AgNO 3," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-11, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:4:p:652-:d:139073
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Luís André Mendes & Vera L. Maria & Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand & Mónica J. B. Amorim, 2015. "Ag Nanoparticles (Ag NM300K) in the Terrestrial Environment: Effects at Population and Cellular Level in Folsomia candida (Collembola)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-13, October.
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