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Incidence, Microbiological Profile and Risk Factors of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Intensive Care Units: A 10 Year Observation in a Provincial Hospital in Southern Poland

Author

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  • Małgorzata Kołpa

    (The Institute of Health Sciences, State Higher Vocational School in Tarnów, ul. Mickiewicza 8, 33-100 Tarnów, Poland)

  • Marta Wałaszek

    (The Institute of Health Sciences, State Higher Vocational School in Tarnów, ul. Mickiewicza 8, 33-100 Tarnów, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Gniadek

    (Department of Nursing Management and Epidemiology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 25, 31-501 Kraków, Poland)

  • Zdzisław Wolak

    (The Institute of Health Sciences, State Higher Vocational School in Tarnów, ul. Mickiewicza 8, 33-100 Tarnów, Poland)

  • Wiesław Dobroś

    (The Institute of Health Sciences, State Higher Vocational School in Tarnów, ul. Mickiewicza 8, 33-100 Tarnów, Poland)

Abstract

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occurring in patients treated in an intensive care unit (ICU) are serious complications in the treatment process. Aetiological factors of these infections can have an impact on treatment effects, treatment duration and mortality. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and microbiological profile of HAIs in patients hospitalized in an ICU over a span of 10 years. The active surveillance method was used to detect HAIs in adult patients who spent over 48 h in a general ICU ward located in southern Poland between 2007 and 2016. The study was conducted in compliance with the methodology recommended by the Healthcare-associated Infections Surveillance Network (HAI-Net) of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). During the 10 years of the study, 1849 patients hospitalized in an ICU for a total of 17,599 days acquired 510 with overall HAIs rates of 27.6% and 29.0% infections per 1000 ICU days. Intubation-associated pneumonia (IAP) posed the greatest risk (15.2 per 1000 ventilator days), followed by CLA-BSI (8.0 per 1000 catheter days) and CA-UTI (3.0 per 1000 catheter days). The most common isolated microorganism was Acinetobacter baumannii (25%) followed by Coagulaase-negativ staphylococci (15%), Escherichia coli (9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7%), Candida albicans (6%). Acinetobacter baumannii in 87% and were classified as extensive-drug resistant (XDR). In summary, in ICU patients pneumonia and bloodstream infections were the most frequently found. Acinetobacter baumannii strains were most often isolated from clinical materials taken from HAI patients and showed resistance to many groups of antibiotics. A trend of increasing resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenems was observed.

Suggested Citation

  • Małgorzata Kołpa & Marta Wałaszek & Agnieszka Gniadek & Zdzisław Wolak & Wiesław Dobroś, 2018. "Incidence, Microbiological Profile and Risk Factors of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Intensive Care Units: A 10 Year Observation in a Provincial Hospital in Southern Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:1:p:112-:d:126368
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Anna Szczypta & Katarzyna Talaga-Ćwiertnia & Małgorzata Kielar & Paweł Krzyściak & Anna Gajewska & Mirosław Szura & Małgorzata Bulanda & Agnieszka Chmielarczyk, 2021. "Investigation of Acinetobacter baumannii Activity in Vascular Surgery Units through Epidemiological Management Based on the Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation and Genotyping," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Maria Kózka & Aurelia Sega & Katarzyna Wojnar-Gruszka & Agnieszka Tarnawska & Agnieszka Gniadek, 2020. "Risk Factors of Pneumonia Associated with Mechanical Ventilation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-7, January.
    3. Elżbieta Rafa & Marta Z. Wałaszek & Michał J. Wałaszek & Adam Domański & Anna Różańska, 2021. "The Incidence of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Their Clinical Forms, and Microbiological Agents in Intensive Care Units in Southern Poland in a Multicentre Study from 2016 to 2019," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-12, February.
    4. Agnieszka Chmielarczyk & Monika Pomorska-Wesołowska & Dorota Romaniszyn & Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach, 2021. "Healthcare-Associated Laboratory-Confirmed Bloodstream Infections—Species Diversity and Resistance Mechanisms, a Four-Year Retrospective Laboratory-Based Study in the South of Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-13, March.
    5. Małgorzata Kołpa & Marta Wałaszek & Anna Różańska & Zdzisław Wolak & Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach, 2018. "Hospital-Wide Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections as a Source of Information about Specific Hospital Needs. A 5-Year Observation in a Multiprofile Provincial Hospital in the South of Pola," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-10, September.
    6. Agnieszka Litwin & Olga Fedorowicz & Wieslawa Duszynska, 2020. "Characteristics of Microbial Factors of Healthcare-Associated Infections Including Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens and Antibiotic Consumption at the University Intensive Care Unit in Poland in the Years," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-14, September.

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