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Susceptibility of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria, Isolated from Water and Plants in Nigeria, to Ceragenins

Author

Listed:
  • Marjan M. Hashemi

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA)

  • Augusta O. Mmuoegbulam

    (Department of Microbiology, University of Calabar, Calabar PMB 1115, Nigeria)

  • Brett S. Holden

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA)

  • Jordan Coburn

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA)

  • John Wilson

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA)

  • Maddison F. Taylor

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA)

  • Joseph Reiley

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA)

  • Darius Baradaran

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA)

  • Tania Stenquist

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA)

  • Shenglou Deng

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA)

  • Paul B. Savage

    (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA)

Abstract

The continuous emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens is a major global health concern. Although antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown promise as a possible means of combatting multidrug resistant strains without readily engendering resistance, costs of production and targeting by proteases limit their utility. Ceragenins are non-peptide AMP mimics that overcome these shortcomings while retaining broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. To further characterize the antibacterial activities of ceragenins, their activities against a collection of environmental isolates of bacteria were determined. These isolates were isolated in Nigeria from plants and water. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of selected ceragenins and currently available antimicrobials against these isolates were measured to determine resistance patterns. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we examined the morphological changes in bacterial membranes following treatment with ceragenins. Finally, we investigated the effectiveness of ceragenins in inhibiting biofilm formation and destroying established biofilms. We found that, despite high resistance to many currently available antimicrobials, including colistin, environmental isolates in planktonic and biofilm forms remain susceptible to ceragenins. Additionally, SEM and confocal images of ceragenin-treated cells confirmed the effective antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of ceragenins.

Suggested Citation

  • Marjan M. Hashemi & Augusta O. Mmuoegbulam & Brett S. Holden & Jordan Coburn & John Wilson & Maddison F. Taylor & Joseph Reiley & Darius Baradaran & Tania Stenquist & Shenglou Deng & Paul B. Savage, 2018. "Susceptibility of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria, Isolated from Water and Plants in Nigeria, to Ceragenins," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-10, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:12:p:2758-:d:188373
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nurudeen Olalekan Oloso & Shamsudeen Fagbo & Musa Garbati & Steve O. Olonitola & Emmanuel Jolaoluwa Awosanya & Mabel Kamweli Aworh & Helen Adamu & Ismail Ayoade Odetokun & Folorunso Oludayo Fasina, 2018. "Antimicrobial Resistance in Food Animals and the Environment in Nigeria: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-23, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ashok J. Tamhankar & Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, 2019. "Antimicrobials and Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment and Its Remediation: A Global One Health Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-7, November.

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